The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction
The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.earth.29.1.331
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发表时间：
2001-05
影响因子：
14.9
通讯作者：
P. Sheehan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Sheehan
▪摘要在晚奥陶世末期，显生界发生了五次大规模灭绝中的第一次，大约85%的海洋物种死亡。起因是一段短暂的冰期间隔，导致了两次物种灭绝。第一次冲击是在冰川开始时，当时海平面下降耗尽了陆缘航道，在中低纬度地区产生了恶劣的气候，并引发了活跃的深海洋流，使深海充气，并将营养物质和可能的有毒物质从海洋深处带上来。在最初的灭绝脉冲之后，幸存的动物群适应了新的生态环境。冰川突然结束，随着海平面上升，气候缓和，海洋环流停滞，又发生了一次物种灭绝的脉冲。第二次灭绝标志着长时间的生态停滞(生态进化单位)的结束。从这次事件中恢复花了数百万年的时间，但由此产生的动物群具有类似于已经成为生态系统的动物的生态模式。
▪ Abstract Near the end of the Late Ordovician, in the first of five mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic, about 85% of marine species died. The cause was a brief glacial interval that produced two pulses of extinction. The first pulse was at the beginning of the glaciation, when sea-level decline drained epicontinental seaways, produced a harsh climate in low and mid-latitudes, and initiated active, deep-oceanic currents that aerated the deep oceans and brought nutrients and possibly toxic material up from oceanic depths. Following that initial pulse of extinction, surviving faunas adapted to the new ecologic setting. The glaciation ended suddenly, and as sea level rose, the climate moderated, and oceanic circulation stagnated, another pulse of extinction occurred. The second extinction marked the end of a long interval of ecologic stasis (an Ecologic-Evolutionary Unit). Recovery from the event took several million years, but the resulting fauna had ecologic patterns similar to the fauna that had become e...