Animal Models of Hepatitis B Virus Infection-Success, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Animal Models of Hepatitis B Virus Infection-Success, Challenges, and Future Directions.
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乙型肝炎病毒感染,挑战和未来方向的动物模型。

DOI:
10.3390/v13050777
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发表时间:
2021-04-28
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ploss A
Ploss A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu Y;Maya S;Ploss A

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慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染影响着全球超过2.5亿人,这大大增加了患肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)等晚期肝病的风险。尽管目前批准的抗病毒疗法,包括聚乙二醇化I型干扰素(IFN)和核苷(酸)类似物,可以有效抑制病毒血症,但乙型肝炎病毒感染很少能治愈。由于乙型肝炎病毒表现出狭窄的物种向性,并且仅强烈感染人类和高等灵长类动物,因此乙型肝炎病毒研究和抗病毒药物临床前测试的进展因缺乏合适的动物模型而受到阻碍。幸运的是,已经开发出一系列用于乙型肝炎研究的替代动物模型。对种间传播障碍的深入了解有助于人类嵌合小鼠的开发,并为体内 HBV 研究以及评估慢性乙型肝炎的潜在疗法铺平了道路。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前用于 HBV 和 HBV 相关肝炎病毒研究的动物模型,并讨论了挑战和未来的改进方向。
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects more than 250 million people worldwide, which greatly increases the risk for terminal liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Even though current approved antiviral therapies, including pegylated type I interferon (IFN) and nucleos(t)ide analogs, can effectively suppress viremia, HBV infection is rarely cured. Since HBV exhibits a narrow species tropism and robustly infects only humans and higher primates, progress in HBV research and preclinical testing of antiviral drugs has been hampered by the scarcity of suitable animal models. Fortunately, a series of surrogate animal models have been developed for the study of HBV. An increased understanding of the barriers towards interspecies transmission has aided in the development of human chimeric mice and has greatly paved the way for HBV research in vivo, and for evaluating potential therapies of chronic hepatitis B. In this review, we summarize the currently available animal models for research of HBV and HBV-related hepadnaviruses, and we discuss challenges and future directions for improvement.
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