Burning the seasonal mosaic: Preventative burning strategies in the wooded savanna of southern Mali
Burning the seasonal mosaic: Preventative burning strategies in the wooded savanna of southern Mali
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1015685529180
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发表时间：
2002-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Laris, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laris, P
数据表明，在马里南部的稀树草原燃烧的季节性马赛克模式。季节性马赛克是一种每年由人们重新创造的景观，其中包含未燃烧，早期燃烧和最近燃烧的植被。对100多名农民进行的调查和深入访谈表明，马里南部农村居民在旱季初期开始每年一次的焚烧活动，目的是破坏景观，防止以后发生火灾，破坏自然资源。逐渐烧毁最干燥的植被的过程创造了一个季节性的栖息地斑块马赛克，增加了各种旱季土地使用的景观潜力，包括狩猎，稀树草原产品的采集和放牧。对一系列陆地卫星图像的分析表明，镶嵌燃烧的做法在树木繁茂的热带稀树草原上很普遍，燃烧通常很早就开始了，大火很少发生。在生态理论和经验证据的基础上，从类似的燃烧制度在澳大利亚部分地区的最新发展，建议在马里的季节性马赛克燃烧不仅可以防止破坏性的晚季火灾，但增加了生物多样性。它的结论是，非洲热带草原燃烧的话语过分强调火灾的生态有害方面，而忽视了有益的，从而导致误导的政策，对人类生计和热带草原生态系统构成威胁。
Data are presented indicating a seasonal mosaic pattern of burning in the savanna of southern Mali. A seasonal mosaic is a landscape that is annually re-created by people, and which contains patches of unburned, early burned, and recently burned vegetation. A survey of over 100 farmers and in-depth interviews demonstrates that rural inhabitants of southern Mali begin an annual burning regime early in the dry season in order to fragment the landscape, with the goal of preventing later fires that can damage natural resources. The process of gradually burning off the driest vegetation creates a seasonal mosaic of habitat patches that increases the potential of the landscape for a variety of dry season land uses, including hunting, gathering of savanna products, and grazing. An analysis of a series of Landsat images shows that the practice of mosaic burning is widespread in the wooded savanna, in which burning usually begins early and large fires are rare. On the basis of recent developments in ecological theory and empirical evidence from similar burning regimes in parts of Australia, it is suggested that seasonal mosaic burning in Mali not only prevents damaging late-season fires but increases biodiversity. It is concluded that discourse on African savanna burning overemphasizes the ecologically detrimental aspects of fire, while neglecting the beneficial ones resulting in misguided policies that pose a threat to human livelihoods and savanna ecosystems.