Diversity and recombination in Wolbachia and Cardinium from Bryobia spider mites.
Diversity and recombination in Wolbachia and Cardinium from Bryobia spider mites.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2180-12-s1-s13
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发表时间：
2012-01-18
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Breeuwer JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ros VI;Fleming VM;Feil EJ;Breeuwer JA
沃尔巴克氏体和卡迪氏菌是感染许多节肢动物并操纵宿主繁殖的内共生细菌。尽管这些细菌是母本传播的，但宿主和寄生虫的系统发育之间的不一致表明偶尔的水平传播具有额外的作用。与这一观点相一致的是沃尔巴克氏体中重组的有力证据，尽管尚不清楚重组在多大程度上推动了单一宿主物种和属内的多样化。此外，对于与沃尔巴克氏体共同感染的其他昆虫内共生体（例如 Cardinium）的种群结构知之甚少。在这里，我们探索了来自 38 个种群的 9 个叶螨物种（叶螨科）内的 Wolbachia 和 Cardinium 菌株多样性，并量化了重组与点突变相比在产生 Wolbachia 多样性方面的贡献。我们发现沃尔巴克氏体具有高水平的遗传多样性，检测到 36 种独特菌株（64 种调查的螨虫个体）。四个沃尔巴克氏体基因的序列数据表明，重组产生新等位基因的可能性是点突变的 7.5 至 11 倍。与之前关于更多样化宿主样本的报告一致，我们的数据没有揭示沃尔巴克氏体与其宿主共同进化的证据。 Cardinium 在螨虫中较少出现，但也表现出高度的多样性，仅基于两个基因就在 15 个个体中检测到了 8 个独特的菌株。观察到宿主和 Cardinium 系统发育之间缺乏一致性。我们发现从叶螨科叶螨科宿主物种获得的沃尔巴克氏体菌株的重组率很高，与水平传播细菌的重组率相当。这表明沃尔巴克氏体频繁水平传播和/或单基因频繁水平转移。我们的研究结果强化了早期关于沃尔巴克氏体重组的报道，并表明来自限制性宿主范围的菌株也存在高重组率。发现 Cardinium 共同感染几种叶螨，系统发育比较表明 Cardinium 在宿主之间也存在水平传播。
Wolbachia and Cardinium are endosymbiotic bacteria infecting many arthropods and manipulating host reproduction. Although these bacteria are maternally transmitted, incongruencies between phylogenies of host and parasite suggest an additional role for occasional horizontal transmission. Consistent with this view is the strong evidence for recombination in Wolbachia, although it is less clear to what extent recombination drives diversification within single host species and genera. Furthermore, little is known concerning the population structures of other insect endosymbionts which co-infect with Wolbachia, such as Cardinium. Here, we explore Wolbachia and Cardinium strain diversity within nine spider mite species (Tetranychidae) from 38 populations, and quantify the contribution of recombination compared to point mutation in generating Wolbachia diversity. We found a high level of genetic diversity for Wolbachia, with 36 unique strains detected (64 investigated mite individuals). Sequence data from four Wolbachia genes suggest that new alleles are 7.5 to 11 times more likely to be generated by recombination than point mutation. Consistent with previous reports on more diverse host samples, our data did not reveal evidence for co-evolution of Wolbachia with its host. Cardinium was less frequently found in the mites, but also showed a high level of diversity, with eight unique strains detected in 15 individuals on the basis of only two genes. A lack of congruence among host and Cardinium phylogenies was observed. We found a high rate of recombination for Wolbachia strains obtained from host species of the spider mite family Tetranychidae, comparable to rates found for horizontally transmitted bacteria. This suggests frequent horizontal transmission of Wolbachia and/or frequent horizontal transfer of single genes. Our findings strengthens earlier reports of recombination for Wolbachia, and shows that high recombination rates are also present on strains from a restrictive host range. Cardinium was found co-infecting several spider mite species, and phylogenetic comparisons suggest also horizontal transmission of Cardinium among hosts.