Occurrence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Rice and Its Milling By-Products in Korea
Occurrence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Rice and Its Milling By-Products in Korea
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DOI：
10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-564
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Ryu, Jae-Gee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lee, Theresa;Lee, Soo-Hyung;Ryu, Jae-Gee
从韩国51个大米加工厂的大米商店中收集了糙米、精米和两种副产品（蓝色调大米和变色大米）共201个样品。分析这些样本中是否存在镰刀菌真菌毒素，例如脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）。污染物在变色大米样品中发现的DON（及其范围）（59至1，355纳克克（-1）），NIV（66至4，180 ng g（-1））和ZEA（25至3，305纳克/克）;在蓝色调（不太成熟）水稻中发现的那些是DON（86 - 630 ng g（-1））、NIV（50 - 3，607 ng g（-1））和ZEA（26 - 3，156 ng g（-1））。糙米样品主要受NIV和ZEA污染（分别为52至569 ng g（-1）和47至235 ng g（-1））。抛光大米样品基本上不含真菌毒素，尽管有一个样品被NIV污染（77 ng g（-1））。当真菌植物群与每个大米样品进行了调查，蓝色调的大米是最常见的污染镰刀菌禾谷镰刀菌（3.8%），其次是变色大米（2.4%）和糙米（1.6%）样品。采用PCR技术对266株F. graminearum的结果表明，大多数菌株（96%）是NIV生产商。总之，本次调查是韩国大米及其副产品的共同污染的首次报告，与多烯和ZEA。重要的是，它还提供了关于镰刀菌毒素对大米的自然污染的新信息。
A total of 201 samples of brown rice, polished rice, and two types of by-products, blue-tinged rice and discolored rice, were collected from rice stores maintained at 51 rice processing complexes in Korea. These samples were analyzed for the presence of Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEA). Contaminants (and their ranges) found in discolored rice samples were DON (59 to 1,355 ng g(-1)), NIV (66 to 4,180 ng g(-1)), and ZEA (25 to 3,305 ng g(-1)); those found in blue-tinged (less-ripe) rice were DON (86 to 630 ng g(-1)), NIV (50 to 3,607 ng g(-1)), and ZEA (26 to 3,156 ng g(-1)). Brown rice samples were contaminated mostly with NIV and ZEA (52 to 569 ng g(-1) and 47 to 235 ng g(-1), respectively). Polished rice samples were largely free from mycotoxins, although one sample was contaminated with NIV (77 ng g(-1)). When the fungal flora associated with each rice sample was investigated, blue-tinged rice was the most often contaminated with Fusarium graminearum (3.8%), followed by the discolored rice (2.4%) and brown rice (1.6%) samples. Using PCR, toxin genotyping of 266 isolates of F. graminearum revealed that most isolates (96%) were NIV producers. In conclusion, this survey is the first report of the cocontamination of Korean rice and its by-products with trichothecenes and ZEA. Importantly, it also provides new information on the natural contamination of rice by Fusarium mycotoxins.