Macrofaunal succession in sediments around kelp and wood falls in the deep NE Pacific and community overlap with other reducing habitats
Macrofaunal succession in sediments around kelp and wood falls in the deep NE Pacific and community overlap with other reducing habitats
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.004
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Sumida, Paulo Y. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernardino, Angelo F.;Smith, Craig R.;Sumida, Paulo Y. G.
大型藻类和木材的下沉包裹提供了深海海底有机富集的重要绿洲，但对这些生境岛屿周围的沉积物群落结构和演替的评价很差。我们在圣克鲁斯盆地1670 m深处实验性地植入了100 kg的海带福尔斯和200 kg的木材福尔斯，以调查（1）大型底栖动物的演替和（2）在0.25-5.5年的时间尺度上与附近的鲸鱼瀑布和冷渗漏群落的物种重叠。的丰富的底栖动物的高度升高后0.25年和0.5年附近的大型底栖动物的多样性和均匀性下降的福尔斯0.5米的海带包裹。显然是机会主义物种（例如，两个新的物种cumaceans）和硫化物耐受微生物食草动物（dorvilleid多毛类）丰富后0.25-0.5年。在木材福尔斯，机会主义的cumaceans成为丰富的0.5年后，但硫化物耐受物种只成为丰富的1.8-5.5年后，根据缓慢得多的孔隙水硫化物的堆积在木材包裹相比，海带福尔斯。随着时间的推移，树木周围沉积物的物种多样性显著下降，这很可能是由于附近沉积物的有机负荷（高达20-30%的有机碳）造成的压力。在3.0-5.5年后，Dorvilleid和Ampharetid多毛类动物在木材包裹中排名最高。海带和木材包裹周围的沉积物提供了低强度的还原条件，维持有限的化能自养动物群。因此，大型底栖物种之间的重叠海带，木材，和其他化能合成的栖息地在东北太平洋深处主要限于明显的硫化物耐受物种，如dorvilleid多毛类，机会cumaceans，和少年阶段的化学共生体包含vesicomyid双壳类。我们的结论是，木材福尔斯周围富含有机物的沉积物可能为依赖深海海底富含有机物和硫化物条件的物种的持续存在和进化提供重要的栖息地岛屿，并有助于深海生态系统的β和γ多样性。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Sunken parcels of macroalgae and wood provide important oases of organic enrichment at the deep-sea floor, yet sediment community structure and succession around these habitat islands are poorly evaluated. We experimentally implanted 100-kg kelp falls and 200 kg wood falls at 1670 m depth in the Santa Cruz Basin to investigate (1) macrofaunal succession and (2) species overlap with nearby whale-fall and cold-seep communities over time scales of 0.25-5.5 yr. The abundance of infaunal macrobenthos was highly elevated after 0.25 and 0.5 yr near kelp parcels with decreased macrofaunal diversity and evenness within 0.5 m of the falls. Apparently opportunistic species (e.g., two new species of cumaceans) and sulfide tolerant microbial grazers (dorvilleid polychaetes) abounded after 0.25-0.5 yr. At wood falls, opportunistic cumaceans become abundant after 0.5 yr, but sulfide tolerant species only became abundant after 1.8-5.5 yr, in accordance with the much slower buildup of porewater sulfides at wood parcels compared with kelp falls. Species diversity decreased significantly over time in sediments adjacent to the wood parcels, most likely due to stress resulting from intense organic loading of nearby sediments (up to 20-30% organic carbon). Dorvilleid and ampharetid polychaetes were among the top-ranked fauna at wood parcels after 3.0-5.5 yr. Sediments around kelp and wood parcels provided low-intensity reducing conditions that sustain a limited chemoautrotrophically-based fauna. As a result, macrobenthic species overlap among kelp, wood, and other chemosynthetic habitats in the deep NE Pacific are primarily restricted to apparently sulfide tolerant species such as dorvilleid polychaetes, opportunistic cumaceans, and juvenile stages of chemosymbiont containing vesicomyid bivalves. We conclude that organically enriched sediments around wood falls may provide important habitat islands for the persistence and evolution of species dependent on organic- and sulfide-rich conditions at the deep-sea floor and contribute to beta and gamma diversity in deep-sea ecosystems. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.