Factors contributing to the emergence of Escherichia coli O157 in Africa.
Factors contributing to the emergence of Escherichia coli O157 in Africa.
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DOI：
10.3201/eid0705.017507
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发表时间：
2001-09
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Griffin PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Effler E;Isaäcson M;Arntzen L;Heenan R;Canter P;Barrett T;Lee L;Mambo C;Levine W;Zaidi A;Griffin PM
1992年，南部非洲发生了由大肠杆菌O157感染引起的出血性腹泻大爆发。据报告，在斯威士兰，1992年10月至11月期间，有40912名5岁以下儿童因腹泻就诊。这一数字比1990-91年度同期增长了七倍。在我们调查的778名居民中，发病率为42%。女性性别和食用牛肉和未经处理的水是患病的重大风险。从斯威士兰和南非的7个疫区中发现了O157：NM大肠杆菌；31个患者和环境分离株中有27个具有难以区分的脉冲场凝胶电泳型。与前几年相比，1992年10月的牛死亡人数增加了五倍。在经历了3个月的干旱之后，同月出现了第一场暴雨(36毫米)。干旱、牛携带O157大肠杆菌以及受地表水污染的暴雨似乎是导致此次暴发的重要因素。
In 1992, a large outbreak of bloody diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli O157 infections occurred in southern Africa. In Swaziland, 40,912 physician visits for diarrhea in persons ages >5 years were reported during October through November 1992. This was a sevenfold increase over the same period during 1990-91. The attack rate was 42% among 778 residents we surveyed. Female gender and consuming beef and untreated water were significant risks for illness. E. coli O157:NM was recovered from seven affected foci in Swaziland and South Africa; 27 of 31 patient and environmental isolates had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Compared with previous years, a fivefold increase in cattle deaths occurred in October 1992. The first heavy rains fell that same month (36 mm), following 3 months of drought. Drought, carriage of E. coli O157 by cattle, and heavy rains with contamination of surface water appear to be important factors contributing to this outbreak.