Propagation and Floral Induction of Transplant for Forcing Long-term Production of Seasonal Flowering Strawberries in Japan
Propagation and Floral Induction of Transplant for Forcing Long-term Production of Seasonal Flowering Strawberries in Japan
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日本季节性开花草莓的繁殖和移栽花诱导
DOI：
10.2503/hortj.utd-r010
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Nishimoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Yoshida;T. Nishimoto
在日本，超过95%的种植面积覆盖着塑料，以迫使六月结果（季节性开花，SF）的草莓品种从秋末到初夏结果。在20世纪60年代后期，开发了一种迫使技术，将花芽分化提前到夏末，并防止移植物在冬季休眠。这种新的迫使技术涉及氮饥饿的苗圃植物诱导成花。直到1980年左右，日本的草莓种植者都使用在等待床中生产的匍匐茎植物，但现在大多数移植植物都是在避雨棚下的塑料盆中生产的，以避免土壤传播的疾病。最近，使用从悬挂的转轮插条产生的托盘植物已经变得流行。为了诱导早期成花，已经建立了以下人工低温（LT）处理：（1）“Yarei”，短日照与太阳辐射和在冷却设施中黑暗下LT的组合（Yarei-ko）;（2）“Kaburei”，具有包括工业仓库在内的冷却设施的连续黑暗LT;和（3）“Kanketsu-reizo”，间歇LT储存。本文综述了日本SF品种的植物繁殖和成花控制技术。
In Japan, over 95% of the acreage is covered with plastic to force June-bearing (seasonal flowering, SF) strawberry cultivars to produce fruit from late fall to early summer. During the late 1960s, a forcing technique was developed that advanced flower bud initiation to late summer and prevented the transplants from becoming dormant during winter. This new forcing technique involved nitrogen starvation of nursery plants to induce floral initiation. Until about 1980, strawberry growers in Japan used runner plants produced in waiting beds, but most transplants are now produced in plastic pots under rain shelters to avoid soil-borne diseases. Recently, the use of tray plants produced from hanging runner cuttings has become popular. To induce early floral initiation, the following artificial low temperature (LT) treatments have been established: (1) “Yarei”, a combination of a short day with solar radiation and LT under darkness in cooling facilities (Yarei-ko); (2) “Kaburei”, continuous dark-LT with refrigeration facilities including industrial warehouses; and (3) “Kanketsu-reizo”, intermittent LT storage. An overview of the technologies applied to plant propagation and the control of floral initiation of Japanese SF cultivars is provided in this review.