EVOLUTION OF LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE GENES
EVOLUTION OF LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE GENES
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DOI：
10.1016/0014-5793(72)80675-6
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发表时间：
1972-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
HOLMES, RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HOLMES, RS
乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）作为复杂系统存在于脊椎动物生物体中，并且在两个主要结构基因（A和B）中编码，每个导致LDH的不同亚基[1 -3]。这些多肽通常随机组装形成五种四聚体同工酶（A4、A3 B、A* B2、AB 3和B4），尽管在某些鱼中，亚基组装中确实发生限制并且没有形成预期的五种同工酶[4-71]。第三个基因座（C）存在于哺乳动物和鸟类中，仅在初级精母细胞中起作用，产生不同的LDH-C4同工酶[g-lo]。已经在硬骨鱼（硬骨鱼）中建立了另外的结构基因（E），并在视网膜和神经组织中表达，导致LDH-E4以及含有A、B和E多肽亚基的其它同工酶的合成[7，111]。鳕类LDH的研究（如：黑线鳕、鳕鱼）已显示存在对肝脏组织特异性的LDH同工酶。这些鱼中LDH同工酶的遗传和进化变异表明该同工酶在单独的基因座（F）编码[121]。鲑科鱼类的LDH由五个基因座决定[13，141]，导致纯合个体合成超过十五种同工酶。细胞学和生物化学研究已经证实，在这些鱼中除了E基因座之外，还存在重复的A（A和A '）和B（B和B'）基因座[13-181.已经发现免疫化学方法在与生物化学进化和生殖相关的研究中非常有用[19-2 11。特异性酶或同工酶的抗体可用于研究不同进化阶段基因产物的结构相似性[20-221]，或用于建立亚基因组。
The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) exists as a complex system in vertebrate organisms and is encoded in two major structural genes (A and B), each resulting in a different subunit of LDH [l-3]. These polypeptides usually assemble randomly to form five tetrameric isozymes (A4, A3 B, A* B2, AB3, and B4), although in certain fish, restriction in subunit assembly does occur and the expected five isozymes are not formed [4-71. A third locus (C) is present in mammals and birds and functions only in primary spermatocytes producing a distinct LDH-C4 isozyme [g-lo]. An additional structural gene (E) has been established in teleosts (bony fish) and is expressed in retinal and nervous tissue resulting in the synthesis of LDH-E4 as well as other isozymes containing A, B, and E polypeptide subunits [7, 111. Studies on LDH from gadoid fish (eg. haddock, cod) have shown the presence of an LDH isozyme specific to liver tissue. Genetic and evolutionary variation of the LDH isozymes in these fish indicate that this isozyme is encoded at a separate locus (F)[121. LDH from salmonid fish is determined by five gene loci [13, 141 resulting in the synthesis of more than fifteen isozymes in homozygous individuals. Cytological and biochemical studies have verified the existence of duplicated A (A and A’) and B (B and B’) loci in addition to the E locus in these fish [13-181. Immunochemical procedures have been found to be very useful in studies related to biochemical evolution and phylogeny [19-2 11. Antibodies to specific enzymes or isozymes may be used in the investigation of the structural similarities of gene products at different stages of evolution [20-221 or in establishing sub-