Tobacco specific nitrosamines and potential reduced exposure products for smokers:: a preliminary evaluation of Advanceâ„¢
Tobacco specific nitrosamines and potential reduced exposure products for smokers:: a preliminary evaluation of Advanceâ„¢
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.12.3.317
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Eissenberg, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breland, AB;Acosta, MC;Eissenberg, T
目的：建立一种评估潜在减少暴露产品(如Advance(TM))致癌物质传递的方法。Advance(TM)是一种用于减少吸烟者接触一种烟草特有亚硝胺(TSN)的准备产品，NNK是一种强致癌物质。设计、设置和参与者：拉丁方排序、三条件、门诊、交叉设计，包括12名吸烟者吸轻量或超轻量香烟(每天15支或更多支)。在每五天的条件下，参与者要么吸自己的品牌，Advance(TM)，要么不吸烟。此外，在每种情况的第一天和最后一天，参与者在实验室吸一支烟。主要观察指标：受试者对烟草/尼古丁戒断的测量，呼出的空气一氧化碳，尿可替宁和NNAL(一个TSN生物标志物)的浓度，吸烟量，持续时间，数量和间隔。结果：相对于自有品牌，Advance(TM)产生了类似的戒断抑制，略低的一氧化碳，等量的可替宁，以及低51%的NNAL浓度。在不吸烟条件下，可替宁和NNAL的浓度最低。受试者在吸烟提前(TM)时吸的烟较少。结论：过去未能减少吸烟危害的Prep的经验表明，在Prep评估中需要临床方法。这项研究表明，评估Prep引起的戒断和一氧化碳、尼古丁和致癌物暴露的变化可能有助于预测Prep的危害减少潜力。对于Advance(TM)，观察到了充分的戒断抑制、略微较低的一氧化碳浓度以及一个TSN生物标志物的减少。在未来，像这里描述的那些临床方法可能会在Prep公开上市之前对其进行评估。
Objective: To develop a method for evaluating the carcinogen delivery of potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) like Advance(TM), a PREP marketed to reduce smokers' exposure to one tobacco specific nitrosamine (TSN), NNK, a potent lung carcinogen.Design, setting, and participants: Latin square ordered, three condition, outpatient, crossover design with 12 smokers of light or ultra-light cigarettes (15 or more cigarettes/day). In each five day condition, participants either smoked own brand, Advance(TM), or no cigarettes. Also, on the first and last day of each condition, participants smoked one cigarette in the laboratory.Main outcome measures: Subject rated measures of tobacco/nicotine withdrawal, expired air carbon monoxide, urine concentrations of cotinine and NNAL (one TSN biomarker), puff volume, duration, number, and interpuff interval.Results: Relative to own brand, Advance(TM) produced similar withdrawal suppression, slightly lower carbon monoxide, equivalent cotinine, and 51% lower NNAL concentrations. The lowest cotinine and NNAL concentrations were observed in the no cigarette condition. Participants took fewer puffs when smoking Advance(TM).Conclusions: Past experience with PREPs that failed to reduce smoking's harm demonstrates the need for clinical methods in PREP evaluation. This study shows how assessing PREP induced changes in withdrawal and exposure to carbon monoxide, nicotine, and carcinogens may help predict PREP harm reduction potential. Adequate withdrawal suppression, slightly lower concentrations of carbon monoxide, and reduction of one TSN biomarker were observed for Advance(TM). In the future, clinical methods like those described here may be valuable for evaluating PREPs before they are marketed publicly.