Organization of the Olfactory and Respiratory Skeleton in the Nose of the Gray Short-Tailed Opossum Monodelphis domestica
Organization of the Olfactory and Respiratory Skeleton in the Nose of the Gray Short-Tailed Opossum Monodelphis domestica
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灰短尾负鼠 Monodelphis Domestica 鼻子嗅觉和呼吸骨骼的组织
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
R. Ketcham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Rowe;Thomas P. Eiting;Thomas E. Macrini;R. Ketcham
内鼻骨架在Monodelphisaplitica，灰色短尾负鼠，主要支持嗅觉和呼吸上皮细胞，犁鼻器，和鼻腺。这个支架是由中筛骨、成对的犁骨和筛骨构成的。中筛在鼻中隔软骨内骨化。双侧筛窦分离呼吸和嗅觉区域，其几何形状提供了对鼻的功能，发育和基因组组织的深入了解。它通过称为鼻甲的独立元件的部分合并而形成，在Monodelphis中，包括上颌鼻甲，鼻鼻甲，五个内鼻甲和两个外鼻甲。筛窦的几何形状使呼吸道粘膜表面积增加了六倍，使嗅觉粘膜表面积增加了近一个数量级。呼吸上皮温暖和加湿吸入的空气，恢复水分作为空气呼出，并可能有助于调解脑温度。相比之下，嗅觉骨骼的功能就像一系列小漏斗，支持新的嗅觉神经元在整个生命中的生长。嗅觉粘膜排列在每个漏斗的口部，形成称为筛窦细胞的盲嗅凹，神经元轴突从上皮通过筛板中的微小嗅孔形成漏斗，与大脑嗅球中的目标肾小球紧密接近，每个轴突在那里形成其第一个突触。因此，骨骼可以介导鼻子中的气味受体区域与嗅球中的特定肾小球之间的拓扑对应，从而使新的嗅觉神经元在整个生命周期中生长并通过其轴突进行适当的靶向。气味受体的几何排列表明，挥发性的措施可能是在外周嗅觉代码的一个组成部分，相应的肾小球可能在时间信号处理的功能。这项研究的支持性可视化可在www.DigiMorph.org上获得。
The internal nasal skeleton in Monodelphisdomestica, the gray short-tailed opossum, primarily supports olfactory and respiratory epithelia, the vomeronasal organ, and the nasal gland. This scaffold is built by the median mesethmoid, and the paired vomer and ethmoid bones. The mesethmoid ossifies within the nasal septum cartilage. The bilateral ethmoid segregates respiratory and olfactory regions, and its geometry offers insight into the functional, developmental, and genomic organization of the nose. It forms through partial coalescence of separate elements known as turbinals, which in Monodelphis comprise the maxilloturbinal, nasoturbinal, five endoturbinals, and two ectoturbinals. Geometry of the ethmoid increases respiratory mucosal surface area by a factor of six and olfactory mucosal surface by nearly an order of magnitude. Respiratory epithelium warms and humidifies inspired air, recovers moisture as air is exhaled, and may help mediate brain temperature. In contrast, the olfactory skeleton functions as a series of small funnels that support growth of new olfactory neurons throughout life. Olfactory mucosa lines the mouth of each funnel, forming blind olfactory recesses known as the ethmoid cells, and neuronal axons are funneled from the epithelium through tiny olfactory foramina in the cribriform plate, into close proximity with target glomeruli in the olfactory bulb of the brain where each axon makes its first synapse. The skeleton may thus mediate topological correspondence between odorant receptor areas in the nose with particular glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, enabling growth throughout life of new olfactory neurons and proper targeting by their axons. The geometric arrangement of odorant receptors suggests that a measure of volatility may be a component in the peripheral olfactory code, and that corresponding glomeruli may function in temporal signal processing. Supporting visualizations for this study are available online at www.DigiMorph.org.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Wen, Xu;Wu, Jian-Qiu;Tang, Jin-Hai
通讯作者：
Tang, Jin-Hai