Retrotransposable Elements: DNA Fingerprinting and the Assessment of Genetic Diversity
Retrotransposable Elements: DNA Fingerprinting and the Assessment of Genetic Diversity
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-0716-0997-2_15
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Boronnikova, Svetlana
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文献类型：
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作者：
Kalendar, Ruslan;Muterko, Alexander;Boronnikova, Svetlana
逆转录转座因子（Retrotransposable elements，RTEs）是一种非常常见的移动的遗传因子，由几类组成，在真核生物基因组中占绝大多数。在这些分散和普遍存在的RTE中，复制转座的“复制-输出和粘贴-输入”生命周期导致新的基因组插入，而不切除原始元件。RTEs是物种多样性的重要驱动因素;它们在结构、大小和转座机制方面表现出极大的多样性，使其成为基因组进化中的重要推定组分。因此，已经开发了各种应用来探索RTE插入模式中的多态性。这些应用包括常规或锚定聚合酶链反应（PCR）和定量或数字PCR，其引物设计用于50或30结。利用这些PCR方法的标记系统可以容易地开发，并且在缺乏广泛的基因组序列数据的情况下廉价地使用。主要的重复序列间扩增多态性技术包括反转录转座子间扩增多态性（IRAP）、反转录转座子微卫星扩增多态性（REMAP）和引物间结合位点（iPBS），用于使用单个或两个引物进行PCR扩增。
Retrotransposable elements (RTEs) are highly common mobile genetic elements that are composed of several classes and make up the majority of eukaryotic genomes. The "copy-out and paste-in" life cycle of replicative transposition in these dispersive and ubiquitous RTEs leads to new genome insertions without excision of the original element. RTEs are important drivers of species diversity; they exhibit great variety in structure, size, and mechanisms of transposition, making them important putative components in genome evolution. Accordingly, various applications have been developed to explore the polymorphisms in RTE insertion patterns. These applications include conventional or anchored polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative or digital PCR with primers designed for the 50 or 30 junction. Marker systems exploiting these PCR methods can be easily developed and are inexpensively used in the absence of extensive genome sequence data. The main inter-repeat amplification polymorphism techniques include inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), retrotransposon microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP), and Inter-Primer Binding Site (iPBS) for PCR amplification with a single or two primers.