Choline, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in human and bovine milk and infant formulas.
Choline, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in human and bovine milk and infant formulas.
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/116.1.50
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Zeisel;D. Char;N. Sheard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Zeisel;D. Char;N. Sheard
胆碱是生物合成磷脂酰胆碱（卵磷脂）、鞘磷脂和胆碱缩醛磷脂的前体，这些都是膜的基本成分。胆碱也需要制造乙酰胆碱，一种主要的神经递质。母乳中主要的含胆碱化合物（未酯化的胆碱，磷脂酰胆碱，鞘磷脂）从足月婴儿的母亲获得的样本进行了测量。未酯化的胆碱浓度最高（大于600 nmol/ml）在第一周的哺乳期，但此后保持相对稳定在70-200 nmol/ml。前乳，中乳和后乳之间没有差异，也没有未酯化胆碱浓度的昼夜变化模式。在整个哺乳期，乳中磷脂酰胆碱和鞘磷脂浓度保持相对恒定（100-200 nmol/ml）。后乳总是比前乳或中乳含有更多的这些磷脂。有没有一致的牛奶中的磷脂酰胆碱或鞘磷脂浓度的昼夜变化模式。牛奶中不含能够从磷脂酰胆碱或鞘磷脂形成游离胆碱的磷脂酶活性。牛乳中含有大约相同浓度的胆碱，磷脂酰胆碱和鞘磷脂的母乳超过15天产后。用牛奶制成的“人性化”婴儿配方奶粉也是如此。与成熟人乳相比，基于大豆蛋白的配方奶粉含有更多的未酯化胆碱（高达650 nmol/ml）和更少的鞘磷脂。
Choline is a precursor for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), sphingomyelin, and choline plasmalogens--all essential constituents of membranes. Choline is also needed to make acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter. The major choline-containing compounds of human milk (unesterified choline, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin) were measured in samples obtained from mothers of full-term infants. Unesterified choline concentrations were highest (greater than 600 nmol/ml) during the first week of lactation, but thereafter remained relatively constant at 70-200 nmol/ml. There was no difference among foremilk, middle milk and hind milk, nor was there a diurnal pattern of variation in unesterified choline concentrations. Milk phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin concentrations remained relatively constant throughout lactation (100-200 nmol/ml). Hind milk always contained more of these phospholipids than did foremilk or middle milk. There was no consistent diurnal pattern of variation in milk concentrations of phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin. Milk contained no phospholipase activity capable of forming free choline from phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin. Bovine milk contained approximately the same concentrations of choline, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin as did human milk from mothers more than 15 d postpartum. The same was true of "humanized" infant formulas made from cow's milk. Soy protein-based formulas had much more unesterified choline (up to 650 nmol/ml) and much less sphingomyelin than did mature human milk.