Populism and the media: cross-national findings and perspectives
Populism and the media: cross-national findings and perspectives
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民粹主义和媒体：跨国调查结果和观点
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发表时间：
2016
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通讯作者：
D. Hopmann
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作者：
Frank Esser;Agnieszka Stępińska;D. Hopmann
欧洲媒体体系在过去几十年里经历了重大变化，这些变化包括增加了传播民粹主义信息的机会结构。第12章(“瑞士”)正确地指出，传统党报的消失，媒体所有权集中度的提高，对广告的依赖，以及对新闻价值观的更强烈取向，都有利于日益增长的民粹主义话语。新成立的网络媒体被视为对民粹主义的修辞说服具有高度的忠诚度，因为两者的目标都是与广泛受众的“快速踢/点击”。正如本卷第一章所述，媒体在民粹主义传播中扮演的角色在很大程度上没有得到充分探讨。在涉及民粹主义的经典研究文献中(例如，见Canovan，1981；Taggart，2000)，传播和媒体根本没有被提及。当政治学家将媒体作为他们的主题时，他们大多只将媒体视为民粹主义领导人露面和传达信息的中立平台。一个例外是Mudde(2007)，他在他的书《欧洲的民粹主义激进右翼政党》(第248-253页)中至少用了几页来讨论这个话题。他特别阐述了这样一个假设，即小报和商业电视与民粹主义传播有着密切的关系。
European media systems have gone through major changes in the last few decades, and these changes have included increased opportunity structures for the dissemination of populist messages. Chapter 12 (‘Switzerland’) rightly states that the disappearance of the traditional party press, increased media ownership concentration, dependence on advertising, and a stronger orientation toward news values have worked in favor of a growing populist discourse. The newly established online media are seen as having a high afnity to populism’s rhetorical persuasion because both aim for the “quick kick/click” with a broad audience. As was stated in Chapter 1 in this volume, the role that the media play in the dissemination of populism is largely under-explored. In the classical research literature dealing with populism (see, e.g., Canovan, 1981; Taggart, 2000), communication and media are not addressed at all. When political scientists make the media their subject, they see the media mostly only as a neutral platform for populist leaders’ appearances and messages. One exception is Mudde (2007), who dedicates at least a few pages to this topic in his book Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe (pp. 248-253). He elaborates in particular on the assumption that tabloids and commercial television share a close relationship with populist communication.