Digital preservation and dissemination of ancient lithic technology with modern micro-CT
Digital preservation and dissemination of ancient lithic technology with modern micro-CT
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cag.2011.03.001
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Stringer, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abel, R. L.;Parfitt, S.;Stringer, C.
早在2.6万年前，早期人类就首次制造和使用了片状石器。通过分析工具形态中的时间、地理和特定物种的变化，科学家试图了解认知、文化和人类行为的进化。然而，文物收藏分散在世界各地的大量机构，这使得对文物的直接研究和比较存在问题，因此依赖于出版的图纸和照片。本研究旨在确定CT是否可用于创建计算机化(“虚拟”)人工制品，并与科学家和公众共享数据。特别是，这项研究评估了CT是否具有成本效益并捕捉到由打结过程产生的精细表面拓扑。扫描每个薄片的成本可能低至(原文如此)2。研究发现，Micro-CT可以产生精确的高分辨率“虚拟”人工制品，分辨率大于50微米。重要的是，它可以可视化敲击的关键特征，这些特征可以区分故意制造的薄片和自然破裂。此外，通过将空隙空间可视化，可以从改装的材料组中重现丢失的薄片(或其部分)。因此，有可能对打结过程有更好的了解，并对实际用作工具的薄片一瞥。这些虚拟的打火石文物是完全交互的，可以像在手中一样进行操作、查看、测量和分析，对研究人员来说比2D图纸或照片更有用。这些模型的大小只有20MB，可以很容易地在网上分发，扩大了对藏品和实物标本的获取，可以用快速刻板印象(3D打印)取代。此外，微型CT成像技术可能会产生新的在线“虚拟博物馆”，在那里数字数据在世界各地被广泛和自由地共享，但原始材料被保存在铸币条件下，只是为了新的或改进的非破坏性成像技术而被移除。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利，
Flaked stone tools were first made and used by early humans from at least 2.6 mya. By analysing temporal, geographical and species-specific variations in tool morphology scientists attempt to understand the evolution of cognition, culture and human behaviour. However, the dispersal of artefact collections around the globe in a large number of institutions makes direct study and comparison of the artefacts problematic, and therefore dependant on published drawings and photographs. The present study aims to determine whether CT could be used to create computerised ("virtual") artefacts, and data shared with scientists and the public. In particular this study assesses whether CT would be cost effective and capture the fine surface topology created by the knapping process. Scanning could cost as little as (sic)2 per flake. It was found that micro-CT could produce accurate high-resolution "virtual" artefacts that resolve features greater than 50 mu m. Importantly, it was possible to visualise the key features of percussion, which distinguish intentionally made flakes from natural breakage. Furthermore, it was possible to recreate missing flakes (or parts thereof) from refitted groups of material by visualising void spaces. Hence it is possible to obtain a better understanding of the knapping process and obtain a glimpse of the flakes that were actually used as tools. The virtual flint artefacts are completely interactive and can be manipulated, viewed, measured and analysed as though they were in the hand and more useful to researchers than 2D drawings or photographs. The models are only 20 MB in size and can easily be distributed online, widening access to collections and access to physical specimens could be replaced with rapid stereotypes (3D prints). In addition, micro-CT imaging technology may give rise to new online "Virtual Museums" where digital data are shared widely and freely around the world, but the original material is conserved in mint condition, only to be removed for new or improved non-destructive imaging techniques. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved,