Effects of ambient temperature on the relative reinforcing strength of MDMA using a choice procedure in monkeys
Effects of ambient temperature on the relative reinforcing strength of MDMA using a choice procedure in monkeys
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-007-0932-7
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Nader, Michael A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banks, Matthew L.;Sprague, Jon E.;Nader, Michael A.
原理3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA，摇头丸）经常在炎热的环境中使用，比如狂欢派对。对实验动物的研究表明，环境温度可以改变MDMA的行为和神经化学作用。目的研究环境温度对MDMA相对增强强度和MDMA维持行为恢复的影响。方法以恒河猴（n=5）为研究对象，在MDMA（生理盐水，0.03 ~ 0.3 mg/kg/注射剂）固定比为30的同时注射MDMA时，观察低温（18℃）、室温（24℃）和温温（31℃）对MDMA的影响。在生理盐水替代过程中，在每个环境温度下，检测非偶然MDMA （0.03-0.3 mg/kg）对反应分配的影响。结果在室温下，MDMA的选择随剂量的增加而增加，例如食物比低剂量MDMA （0.03 mg/kg/注射）更受欢迎，而高剂量MDMA比食物更受欢迎。升高环境温度可显著提高0.03 mg/kg/注射MDMA的相对增强强度，降低环境温度可显著减弱0.1 mg/kg/注射MDMA的相对增强强度。在以生理盐水替代食物的疗程之前，非偶然注射MDMA增加了注射水平的反应；这种效果不受环境温度的影响。结论环境温度对MDMA的相对增强强度有影响，但对MDMA诱导的恢复没有影响。此外，这些结果提示了降低MDMA增强强度的环境策略。
Rationale 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is frequently used in hot environments, such as rave parties. Studies in laboratory animals have shown that ambient temperature can alter the behavioral and neurochemical effects of MDMA.Objective To examine the influence of ambient temperature on the relative reinforcing strength of MDMA and reinstatement of behavior previously maintained by MDMA is the objective of the study.Methods The effects of cool (18 degrees C), room (24 degrees C), and warm (31 degrees C) temperatures were examined when MDMA was available under a concurrent fixed-ratio 30 schedule of MDMA (saline, 0.03-0.3 mg/kg/injection) and food choice in rhesus monkeys (n=5). During saline substitutions, the effect of noncontingent MDMA (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) on response allocation was examined at each ambient temperature.Results At room temperature, MDMA choice increased as a function of dose, such that food was preferred over a low MDMA dose (0.03 mg/kg/injection), whereas higher doses were preferred over food. Elevating the ambient temperature significantly increased the relative reinforcing strength of 0.03 mg/kg/injection MDMA, and lowering the ambient temperature significantly attenuated the choice of 0.1 mg/kg/injection MDMA. Noncontingent injections of MDMA administered before a session in which saline was the alternative to food dose-dependently increased injection-lever responding; this effect was not influenced by ambient temperature.Conclusions These results suggest that ambient temperature can affect the relative reinforcing strength of MDMA, but not MDMA-induced reinstatement. Furthermore, these results suggest environmental strategies for decreasing the reinforcing strength of MDMA.