Non-ant antiherbivore defenses before plant-ant colonization in Macaranga myrmecophytes
Non-ant antiherbivore defenses before plant-ant colonization in Macaranga myrmecophytes
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Macaranga myrmecophytes 植物蚂蚁定殖前的非蚂蚁反草食动物防御
DOI：
10.1007/s10144-001-8184-6
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
K. Murase
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Nomura;T. Itioka;K. Murase
我们研究了在婆罗洲龙脑香林与蚂蚁共生开始之前和之后，三种myrmecophyticMacarangaspecies的非蚂蚁防御强度的变化。通过测量普通地老虎斜纹夜蛾幼虫的存活率来估计每个Macarangaspecies在不同生长阶段的非蚂蚁防御强度，当幼虫以每个Macarangaspecies三个生长阶段的幼苗（树苗）的新鲜叶子为食时。在所有物种中，当幼苗尚未接受共生体Foundress Queen时，非蚂蚁防御的强度显着高于蚂蚁防御建立良好后的强度。这些结果支持了这样的假设，即蚁植Macarangamay在开始与蚂蚁共生之前通过非蚂蚁防御来充分保护自己，并且随着共生体菌落大小的增加，非蚂蚁防御的强度可能会降低。我们认为，当蚁植状态随着植物蚁群的生长而变化时，我们在蚁群建立后检测到的非蚂蚁防御强度的降低可能会在资源限制下产生蚂蚁和非蚂蚁防御的代谢成本的最佳分配。我们还测量了不同植物阶段的叶片韧性，这被认为是非蚂蚁防御食草昆虫的最重要因素之一，以评估其对蚂蚁定殖后非蚂蚁防御强度变化的贡献。然而，我们没有发现任何证据表明，叶片韧性的变化有显着的影响，在平衡的两个抗草食动物机制的变化。
We examined changes in the intensity of non‐ant defenses of three myrmecophyticMacarangaspecies before and after the initiation of symbiosis with ants in a Bornean dipterocarp forest. The intensities of non‐ant defenses at different growth stages of eachMacarangaspecies were estimated by measuring the survival rate of larvae of the common cutworm,Spodoptera litura, when the larvae were fed on fresh leaves from seedlings (saplings) at three growth stages of eachMacarangaspecies. In all species, the intensity of the non‐ant defenses when seedlings had not yet received symbiont foundress queens was significantly higher than that after ant defense was well established. These results support the hypothesis that myrmecophyticMacarangamay defend themselves sufficiently via non‐ant defenses before beginning symbiosis with ants and that the intensity of non‐ant defenses may decrease as the symbiont colony size increases. We suggest that, where the status of myrmecophytism changes as plant–ant colonies grow, the decrease in the intensity of non‐ant defenses which we detected after the establishment of ant colonies might generate an optimal allocation of metabolic cost to ant and non‐ant defenses under resource limitations. We also measured leaf toughness, which is considered to be one of the most important agents of non‐ant defenses against herbivorous insects, at different plant stages to assess its contribution to the change in the intensity of non‐ant defenses after ant colonization. However, we found no evidence that changes in leaf toughness have a significant effect on the change in balance of the two antiherbivory mechanisms.
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511721878
发表时间：
1985-11
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Beattie
通讯作者：
A. Beattie