Adaptive Training and Individual Differences in Perception
Adaptive Training and Individual Differences in Perception
复制标题
适应性训练和感知的个体差异
DOI：
10.2466/pms.1977.44.3.875
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发表时间：
1977
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
T. R. Williamson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. V. Barrett;James P. Greenawalt;C. L. Thornton;T. R. Williamson
在知觉概念形成任务的训练中比较了四种类型的训练技术。自适应训练，一种技术，其中一个参数的学习情况是不同的，使学习任务的难度保持不变的个人，进行了比较，三个中间的训练方法（自适应，其中学员可以控制自己的学习速度，当他们觉得他们已经掌握了问题，固定序列，和固定的任务）。此外，本研究亦探讨了受训者知觉风格与不同训练阶段的关系。知觉风格的测量隐藏的数字测试，杆和框架测试，分散上下文测试，和取消测试。结果表明，一个明确的（时间执行任务）的优势，有利于自适应训练方法。在自适应方法下，错误更少，但任务完成时间显着更高。进一步的分析表明，对于适应性训练组，知觉风格的测量可以作为未来任务成功的预测。其他训练技术没有发现这种关系。特别是，场独立性似乎是重要的早期培训，但变得越来越不重要，并为最终的培训标准试验，是不能预测的性能。相比之下，训练早期的干扰情境测试-II并不是一个重要的预测因素，但却是最终标准试验的重要预测因素。
Four types of training techniques were compared in the training of a perceptual concept-formation task. Adaptive training, a technique in which one parameter in the learning situation is varied so that the difficulty of a learning task remains constant for that individual, was compared to three intermediate approaches to training (self-adaptive, in which the trainees could control their own pace of learning by indicating when they felt they had mastered the problem, fixed sequence, and fixed task). The relationship between individual trainee's perceptual style and various stages of training was also investigated. Perceptual style was measured by the Hidden Figures Test, the Rod-and-frame Test, a Distracting Context Test, and a Cancellation Test. Results showed a definite (time to perform the task) advantage in favor of the adaptive training method. Fewer errors were committed under the self-adaptive approach, but the task completion time was significantly higher. Further analysis showed that for the adaptive-training group, measures of perceptual style could be used as predictors of future task success. No such relationship was found for other training techniques. In particular, field-independence appears to be important early in training but becomes increasingly less important, and for the final training criterion trials, is not predictive of performance. In contrast, the Distracting Context Test-II, early in training, is not an important predictor but is an important predictor for the final criterion trials.