Soil textural heterogeneity impacts bacterial but not fungal diversity
Soil textural heterogeneity impacts bacterial but not fungal diversity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107766
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Robinson, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Seaton, Fiona M.;George, Paul B. L.;Robinson, David A.
土壤蕴藏着高水平的微生物多样性，支撑着它们提供关键土壤功能和生态系统服务的能力。土壤微生物生命的极端多样性通常是通过土壤环境的物理和化学异质性来解释的。然而，对这种联系的详细了解仍然缺乏，特别是因为微观尺度研究很难扩展到土壤剖面或景观水平。为了解决这个问题，我们使用从各种温带海洋生境（例如耕地、草原、针叶林和落叶林地、石南地；总共 335 个地点）收集的土壤样本来评估土壤质地和微生物多样性之间的联系。使用激光粒度测定法（即沙子、淤泥、粘土）测量每个样品的土壤粒度分布，同时使用 Illumina MiSeq 分别使用 16S 和 ITS1 分类标记基因区域通过元条形码确定细菌和真菌群落的多样性。然后使用土壤粒径分布的多重分形分析来描述土壤粒径的异质性。总体而言，我们的结果表明栖息地类型对质地异质性没有影响，表明它是土壤质量对管理决策产生抵抗力的一个方面。使用结构方程建模方法，我们表明土壤质地异质性对细菌多样性有积极影响，但对真菌多样性影响很小。我们还发现，质地组成会影响细菌和真菌的组成，许多特定的微生物类群显示出与粘土和细粉粒大小的颗粒的共现关系。我们的结果强烈表明，无论土壤管理实践和生物物理活动如何，土壤质地异质性都会影响微生物群落多样性。不同土壤生物类群之间的密切联系可能掩盖了驱动生物多样性发展的机制，但很明显，土壤物理环境对具有不同生活史策略的生物有不同的影响。
Soils harbour high levels of microbial diversity, underpinning their ability to provide key soil functions and ecosystem services. The extreme variety of soil microbial life is often explained by reference to the physical and chemical heterogeneity of the soil environment. However, detailed understanding of this link is still lacking, particularly as micro-scale studies are difficult to scale up to the soil profile or landscape level. To address this, we used soil samples collected from a wide range of temperate oceanic habitats (e.g. arable, grassland, coniferous and deciduous woodland, heathland; 335 sites in total) to evaluate the link between soil texture and microbial diversity. Soil particle size distribution was measured in each sample using laser granulometry (i.e. sand, silt, clay), while the diversity of bacterial and fungal communities were determined by metabarcoding with an Illumina MiSeq using 16S and ITS1 taxonomy marker gene regions, respectively. Multifractal analysis of the soil particle size distribution was then used to describe the heterogeneity of the soil particle sizes. Overall, our results showed no impact of habitat type upon textural heterogeneity indicating that it is an aspect of soil quality resistant to management decisions. Using a structural equation modelling approach, we show that soil textural heterogeneity positively influences bacterial diversity but had little impact upon fungal diversity. We also find that textural composition impacts both bacterial and fungal composition, with many specific microbial taxa showing co-occurrence relationships with clay and fine-silt sized particles. Our results strongly indicate that soil textural heterogeneity influences microbial community diversity regardless of soil management practices and biophysical activities. The close linkages between different groups of soil organisms can obscure the mechanisms driving the development of biodiversity, however, it is clear that the soil physical environment has differential impacts on organisms with different life history strategies.