Ectomycorrhizal fungi decompose soil organic matter using oxidative mechanisms adapted from saprotrophic ancestors.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi decompose soil organic matter using oxidative mechanisms adapted from saprotrophic ancestors.
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DOI：
10.1111/nph.13722
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发表时间：
2016-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tunlid A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shah F;Nicolás C;Bentzer J;Ellström M;Smits M;Rineau F;Canbäck B;Floudas D;Carleer R;Lackner G;Braesel J;Hoffmeister D;Henrissat B;Ahrén D;Johansson T;Hibbett DS;Martin F;Persson P;Tunlid A
外生菌根真菌被认为在动员土壤有机质（SOM）中的有机氮方面起着关键作用。然而，外生菌根真菌分解SOM的程度和它们这样做的机制仍然不清楚，考虑到它们已经失去了许多编码木质纤维素降解酶的基因，这些酶存在于它们的腐生性祖先中。光谱分析和转录组分析被用来研究的机制，其中五种外生菌根真菌，代表至少四个起源的共生，分解从森林土壤中提取的SOM。在葡萄糖的存在下，当获得氮，所有物种转化的有机质中的SOM提取物使用氧化机制。在氧化分解过程中表达的转录组随着进化时间的推移而分化。每个物种都表达了一套不同的转录本，编码与腐食性真菌氧化木质纤维素相关的蛋白质。分解的“工具箱”已经分歧，通过不同的调节orthopolysaccharide基因，形成新的基因的基因复制，并从不同的，但功能相似的酶家族的基因的招聘。氧化SOM的能力似乎是常见的外生菌根真菌。我们认为，祖先的衰变机制主要用于获得碳已适应共生，以吸收养分。
Ectomycorrhizal fungi are thought to have a key role in mobilizing organic nitrogen that is trapped in soil organic matter (SOM). However, the extent to which ectomycorrhizal fungi decompose SOM and the mechanism by which they do so remain unclear, considering that they have lost many genes encoding lignocellulose‐degrading enzymes that are present in their saprotrophic ancestors. Spectroscopic analyses and transcriptome profiling were used to examine the mechanisms by which five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, representing at least four origins of symbiosis, decompose SOM extracted from forest soils. In the presence of glucose and when acquiring nitrogen, all species converted the organic matter in the SOM extract using oxidative mechanisms. The transcriptome expressed during oxidative decomposition has diverged over evolutionary time. Each species expressed a different set of transcripts encoding proteins associated with oxidation of lignocellulose by saprotrophic fungi. The decomposition ‘toolbox’ has diverged through differences in the regulation of orthologous genes, the formation of new genes by gene duplications, and the recruitment of genes from diverse but functionally similar enzyme families. The capacity to oxidize SOM appears to be common among ectomycorrhizal fungi. We propose that the ancestral decay mechanisms used primarily to obtain carbon have been adapted in symbiosis to scavenge nutrients instead.
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影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Bodeker, Inga T. M.;Clemmensen, Karina E.;Lindahl, Bjorn D.
通讯作者：
Lindahl, Bjorn D.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Goodell, Barry;Daniel, Geoffrey;Qian, Yuhui
通讯作者：
Qian, Yuhui
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y
DOI：
10.1007/s10295-010-0798-2
发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Arantes, Valdeir;Milagres, Adriane M. F.;Goodell, Barry
通讯作者：
Goodell, Barry
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Högberg, MN;Högberg, P
通讯作者：
Högberg, P