Negative affect is associated with increased stress-eating for women with high perceived life stress
Negative affect is associated with increased stress-eating for women with high perceived life stress
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112639
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发表时间：
2019-10-15
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Kissileff, Harry R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klatzkin, Rebecca R.;Dasani, Reedhi;Kissileff, Harry R.
感知生活压力和认知约束与压力下舒适的食物摄入量增加有关，并导致体重增加和肥胖，但它们的机制尚不清楚。压力和消极情绪(NA)与奖励驱动的舒适食物摄入量增加有关，以此作为“感觉更好”的一种手段，特别是对具有较高的最低生活质量和认知约束的人来说。因此，我们认为，偏最小二乘和认知约束通过加强应激诱导的NA和舒适食物摄入量之间的关系来增加应激进食。在舒适的饮食中，具有较高偏低脂蛋白的个体在压力的负面后果(例如NA)方面表现出更大的减少。这种“情绪缓解”的有益效果可能会促进未来压力诱导的舒适饮食，但这一点还有待检验。因此，我们研究了PIS或认知约束在压力下增加零食摄入量的途径，提出1)压力诱导的NA是具有更强的LA和认知约束的女性增加零食摄入量的更强的预测因子，以及2)更大的LA将与在压力下吃零食时NA的更大减少(即情绪缓解)相关。43名健康女性被给予零食(薯片、金奥利奥和M&M)，让她们在Trier社会压力测试或休息时间后按平衡顺序进食。根据线性回归分析，我们确定，压力诱导的NA预示着PIS较高的女性摄入更多零食，而较高的PLS值与在压力下吃零食时情绪的缓解程度更高有关。未来的研究需要直接评估进食压力后更大的情绪缓解是否加强了压力诱导的NA和摄入量之间的已知关联，并最终解释了PLS值较高的女性更大的压力进食和肥胖。这项工作可能会导致临床医生将重点放在NA上，用于治疗偏高偏低的女性的肥胖和压力相关疾病。
Perceived life stress (PLS) and cognitive restraint are associated with increased comfort food intake under stress and lead to weight gain and obesity, but the mechanisms by which they do so remain unclear. Stress and negative affect (NA) are associated with increased reward-driven comfort food intake as a means to 'feel better', particularly for individuals with higher PLS and cognitive restraint. Thus, we propose that PLS and cognitive restraint increase stress-eating by strengthening the relationship between stress-induced NA and comfort food intake. Upon comfort eating, individuals with higher PLS show greater reductions in the negative consequences of stress (e.g. NA). The rewarding effects of this 'emotional relief' may promote future stress-induced comfort eating, but this has yet to be examined. Thus, we investigate the pathways by which PIS or cognitive restraint increase snack intake under stress by proposing that 1) stress-induced NA is a stronger predictor of increased snack intake for women with greater PLS and cognitive restraint, and 2) greater PLS will be associated with greater reductions in NA upon snacking under stress (i.e. emotional relief). Forty-three healthy women were given snacks (chips, golden oreos, and M&Ms) to eat after a Trier Social Stress Test or rest period on separate days in counterbalanced order. Following linear regression analyses, we determined that stress-induced NA predicted more snack intake for women with higher PIS, and that higher PLS was associated with heightened emotional relief upon snacking under stress. Future studies are needed to directly assess whether greater emotional relief following stress-eating reinforces the learned association between stress-induced NA and intake, and ultimately explains greater stress-eating and obesity in women with higher PLS. This work may lead clinicians to focus on NA in the treatment of obesity-and stress-related illnesses for women with higher PLS.