Diversity of Intestinal Macrophages in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Diversity of Intestinal Macrophages in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2015.00613
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Siegmund B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kühl AA;Erben U;Kredel LI;Siegmund B
巨噬细胞作为先天免疫细胞和对抗原的快速反应器，在保护身体免受巨大界面处的管腔内容物侵害方面发挥着核心作用。炎症性肠病中的慢性炎症极大地改变了肠道巨噬细胞的数量和亚群多样性。我们在这里讨论人类肠道巨噬细胞区室内部稳态和慢性肠道炎症之间以及 UC 和 CD 之间的相似性和差异性的多样性，包括巨噬细胞亚群对肠道纤维化的潜在作用。巨噬细胞的标志是它们巨大的可塑性，即它们能够整合来自环境的信号，从而改变它们的表型和功能。在肠道稳态中，位于表面上皮正下方的组织驻留巨噬细胞大多具有耐受性。在溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩病（CD）中，巨噬细胞的总数随着管腔内容物通过破损的肠屏障进入粘膜而增加。尽管尚未完全了解，但这两个实体中组织驻留和组织浸润巨噬细胞的混合物在表型和分布方面是不同的。 UC中的巨噬细胞主要在肠粘膜内发挥作用。在 CD 中，巨噬细胞也可见于肌层和肠系膜脂肪组织室中。总而言之，迄今为止对人类肠道巨噬细胞的了解提供了一个良好的起点，可以更深入地挖掘功能子集的相似性和差异，并最终利用它们的表型多样性作为健康和疾病中复杂的局部环境的标记。
Macrophages as innate immune cells and fast responders to antigens play a central role in protecting the body from the luminal content at a huge interface. Chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases massively alters the number and the subset diversity of intestinal macrophages. We here address the diversity within the human intestinal macrophage compartment at the level of similarities and differences between homeostasis and chronic intestinal inflammation as well as between UC and CD, including the potential role of macrophage subsets for intestinal fibrosis. Hallmark of macrophages is their enormous plasticity, i.e., their capacity to integrate signals from their environment thereby changing their phenotype and functions. Tissue-resident macrophages located directly beneath the surface epithelium in gut homeostasis are mostly tolerogenic. The total number of macrophages increases with luminal contents entering the mucosa through a broken intestinal barrier in ulcerative colitis (UC) as well as in Crohn’s disease (CD). Although not fully understood, the resulting mixtures of tissue-resident and tissue-infiltrating macrophages in both entities are diverse with respect to their phenotypes and their distribution. Macrophages in UC mainly act within the intestinal mucosa. In CD, macrophages can also be found in the muscularis and the mesenteric fat tissue compartment. Taken together, the present knowledge on human intestinal macrophages so far provides a good starting point to dig deeper into the similarities and differences of functional subsets and to finally use their phenotypical diversity as markers for complex local milieus in health and disease.