The impact of experimental sleep restriction on affective functioning in social and nonsocial contexts among adolescents
The impact of experimental sleep restriction on affective functioning in social and nonsocial contexts among adolescents
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DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.12568
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Franzen, Peter L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McMakin, Dana L.;Dahl, Ronald E.;Franzen, Peter L.
睡眠时间短在青少年中非常普遍，它预示着情绪调节和精神健康方面的问题。为了超越流行病学关联并为发育精神病理学模型提供信息，我们通过实验限制睡眠来观察对情感功能的影响。基于社会环境对青少年情感体验的重要性，我们还在一个生态有效的同伴互动任务中研究了限制睡眠对社会情感功能的影响。方法在研究1中，青少年（11.5-15.0岁，n=48）被随机分配到多导睡眠描记仪监测的两晚睡眠限制组（床上4小时）或延长组（床上10小时）。一周后，他们完成了另一项睡眠操作。情感功能通过自我报告和学生对标准化情感声音的反应进行评估。研究2采用了类似的方案，邀请青少年（12-15.0岁，n=16）和2-4个朋友一起进入睡眠实验室，观察在同伴冲突的社会背景下的情感行为。混合效应模型用于评估睡眠状况对情感结果的影响。结果研究1显示，相对于延长睡眠时间，睡眠限制后自我报告（p= 0.02）和瞳孔测量（p= 0.01）的负面影响增加。研究2重复了这些影响（p=. 04），并证明了在同伴社会环境中更大的消极情感行为（p=.01）。在研究1中，积极情绪的探索性分析显示，自我报告评估的积极情绪有所减少（p= 0.005），但瞳孔没有减少（p= 0.81）；在研究2中无显著影响（自我报告，p= 0.14；瞳孔，p= 0.29；积极情感行为，p= 0.43）。结论实验性睡眠限制会影响青少年的消极情感功能，其证据包括自我报告和瞳孔反应，以及在同伴冲突的社会环境中观察到的行为。本文简要讨论了短睡眠对情绪调节和精神健康发展轨迹的影响，以及早期干预的机会。
BackgroundShort sleep duration is highly prevalent in adolescence, and it prospectively predicts problems with emotional adjustment and psychiatric health. To move beyond epidemiological associations and inform models of developmental psychopathology, we experimentally restricted sleep to observe impacts on affective functioning. Based on the importance of social contexts to adolescent emotional experiences, we also examined the impact of restricted sleep on socioaffective functioning in an ecologically valid peer interaction task.MethodsIn Study 1, adolescents (ages 11.5-15.0, n=48) were randomly assigned to two nights of polysomnography-monitored sleep restriction (4hr in bed) or extension (10hr in bed). One week later, they completed the other sleep manipulation. Affective functioning was assessed by self-report and pupil response to standardized affective sounds. Study 2 used a similar protocol and invited adolescents (ages 12-15.0, n=16) to the sleep laboratory along with 2-4 friends to observe affective behavior in a social context primed for peer conflict. Mixed effects models were used to evaluate the effect of sleep condition on affective outcomes.ResultsStudy 1 demonstrated increased negative affect following sleep restriction, relative to extension, on self-report (p=.02) and pupil measures (p=.01). Study 2 replicated these effects (both p=.04) and demonstrated greater negative affective behavior in a peer social context (p=.01). Exploratory analyses for positive affect showed reductions as assessed by self-report (p=.005), but not pupil (p=.81), in Study 1; and no significant effects in Study 2 (self-report, p=.14; pupil, p=.29; positive affective behavior, p=.43).ConclusionsExperimental sleep restriction in adolescence impacts negative affective functioning as evidenced by self-report and pupil reactivity, as well as observed behavior in a social context primed for peer conflict. Implications for the impact of short sleep on developmental trajectories of emotional adjustment and psychiatric health, and opportunities for early intervention, are briefly discussed.