Motor cortex plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation is enhanced in physically active individuals
Motor cortex plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation is enhanced in physically active individuals
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DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.2009.181834
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发表时间：
2009-12-15
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Semmler, John G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cirillo, John;Lavender, Andrew P.;Semmler, John G.
最近的证据表明，有规律的身体活动可以增强大脑的可塑性（即重组神经连接的能力），并改善神经认知功能。然而，规律的身体活动对人类运动皮层功能的影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是检查运动皮层可塑性的一个小的手肌肉在高度活跃和久坐的人。对18-38岁的14名活动和14名久坐受试者的左拇短展肌（APB）进行了肌电图记录。通过问卷调查评估身体活动的程度，其中身体活动受试者每周至少5天每天进行> 150分钟的中度至剧烈有氧活动，而久坐组每周不超过3天每天进行< 20分钟的身体活动。采用右半球经颅磁刺激（TMS）检测APB运动诱发电位（MEP）、输入输出曲线（IO曲线）、短间期皮质内抑制（SICI）和皮质沉默期（CSP）的变化。神经可塑性的变化，诱导使用成对的联想刺激（PAS），其中包括90对刺激（0.05 Hz，30分钟）的正中神经电刺激在手腕，然后25 ms后，TMS的手区的运动皮层。在体力活动增加的个体中，IO曲线斜率陡35%（PAS前后合并，P < 0.05），表明运动皮层兴奋性增加，尽管组间SICI或CSP没有差异。PAS能使运动组MEP波幅增加54%（P < 0.01），而对久坐组无明显易化作用。我们的结论是，参加定期的体育活动可能会提供全球利益的运动皮层功能，增强神经可塑性，这可以改善运动学习和神经康复的身体活动的个人。
Recent evidence indicates that regular physical activity enhances brain plasticity (i.e. the ability to reorganise neural connections) and improves neurocognitive function. However, the effect of regular physical activity on human motor cortex function is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine motor cortex plasticity for a small hand muscle in highly active and sedentary individuals. Electromyographic recordings were obtained from the left abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle of 14 active and 14 sedentary subjects (aged 18-38 yrs). The extent of physical activity was assessed by questionnaire, where the physically active subjects performed > 150 min per day moderate-to-vigorous aerobic activity on at least 5 days per week, whereas the sedentary group performed < 20 min per day of physical activity on no more than 3 days per week. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the right hemisphere was used to assess changes in APB motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), input-output curve (IO curve), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and cortical silent period (CSP). Neuroplastic changes were induced using paired-associative stimulation (PAS), which consisted of 90 paired stimuli (0.05 Hz for 30 min) of median nerve electrical stimulation at the wrist followed 25 ms later by TMS to the hand area of motor cortex. The IO curve slope was 35% steeper in individuals with increased physical activity (combined before and after PAS, P < 0.05), suggesting increased motor cortex excitability, although there was no difference in SICI or CSP between groups. PAS induced an increase in MEP amplitude in the physically active subjects (54% increase compared with before, P < 0.01), but no significant facilitation in the sedentary subjects. We conclude that participation in regular physical activity may offer global benefits to motor cortex function that enhances neuroplasticity, which could improve motor learning and neurorehabilitation in physically active individuals.