Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure in a prospective sample of young adults: Mental health, substance use, and difficulties with the legal system
Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure in a prospective sample of young adults: Mental health, substance use, and difficulties with the legal system
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ntt.2017.10.001
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Coles, Claire D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lynch, Mary Ellen;Kable, Julie A.;Coles, Claire D.
很少有研究关注产前酒精暴露（PAE）成年人向成年的过渡。在这项研究中，我们研究了问题行为的发生在这个过渡，包括心理健康问题，物质使用，和困难的法律的制度。该样本是前瞻性的，并提供了一个机会，以检查广泛的产前暴露的影响。成年人与PAE预计将表现出更多的问题行为，暴露水平的影响进行了检查，以及。方法：样本来自一个主要是低收入，非洲裔美国人的人口。酒精暴露参与者（n = 123）和非暴露SES对照组（CONT）（n = 59）的母亲在产前访视时被招募，当时收集了妊娠期间酒精和药物使用的信息。残疾对照组（n = 54）在青春期招募。患有PAE的成年人被分为三组，每组的身体和认知暴露影响各不相同。这份报告是基于成年人的回答访谈或问卷调查的问题行为和实验室测试有关的substance use.Results：成人PAE显示更多的问题行为在所有三个领域比成人CONT组。对于心理健康问题，暴露组显示认知，但不是身体的影响，有最高的分数;他们的分数是相似的，但是，残疾对照组的几个尺度。结果对物质使用和法律的困难是不太一致的，但是，当发生重大影响，组暴露，但既没有身体也没有认知影响，更有可能显示出负面的结果。在这一组中的男性参与这些behaviors.Conclusion：PAE的影响持续到成年早期，并影响心理健康问题，物质使用，以及与法律的系统的相互作用。暴露在环境中但身体受影响较小的成年人似乎最容易出现问题行为。需要进行更多的研究，以审查环境影响与PAE对这些结果的影响，并为制定潜在的干预措施提供基础。
Introduction: Few studies have focused on the transition to adulthood in adults with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). In this study, we examine the occurrence of problem behavior at this transition, including mental health problems, substance use, and difficulties with the legal system. The sample is prospective and provides an opportunity to examine effects of a wide range of prenatal exposure. Adults with PAE were expected to show more problem behavior; the impact of level of exposure was examined as well.Method: The sample was drawn from a predominantly low-income, African-American population. Mothers of the alcohol-exposed participants (n = 123) and those in the non-exposed SES-Control group (CONT) (n = 59) were recruited at a prenatal visit when information on alcohol and drug use during pregnancy was collected. A disability contrast group (n = 54) was recruited at adolescence. The adults with PAE were assigned to three groups varying in physical and cognitive effects of exposure. This report is based on the adults' responses to interviews or questionnaires on problem behavior and laboratory tests related to substance use.Results: Adults with PAE showed more problem behavior in all three areas than adults from the CONT group. For mental health problems, the exposed group showing cognitive, but not physical effects, had the highest scores; their scores were similar, however, to those of the disability contrast group on several scales. Results for outcomes on substance use and legal difficulties were less consistent, but, when significant effects occurred, the group that was exposed, but neither physically nor cognitively affected, was more likely to show negative outcomes. Males in this group were most involved in these behaviors.Conclusion: Effects of PAE continue into early adulthood and affect mental health problems, substance use, and interactions with the legal system. Adults who are exposed, but less physically affected, seem to be the most involved in problem behavior. More research is necessary to examine environmental effects in conjunction with PAE on these outcomes and to provide a basis for developing potential interventions.