Agricultural Management and Climatic Change Are the Major Drivers of Biodiversity Change in the UK.
Agricultural Management and Climatic Change Are the Major Drivers of Biodiversity Change in the UK.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0151595
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gregory RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burns F;Eaton MA;Barlow KE;Beckmann BC;Brereton T;Brooks DR;Brown PM;Al Fulaij N;Gent T;Henderson I;Noble DG;Parsons M;Powney GD;Roy HE;Stroh P;Walker K;Wilkinson JW;Wotton SR;Gregory RD
减少人类活动对环境和环境中物种的影响的行动，在针对对生物多样性影响最大的活动时最为有效。为了有效地做到这一点，我们需要更好地了解不同活动的相对重要性，以及它们如何推动物种种群的变化。在这里，我们提出了一个新的，灵活的框架，审查这些变化的驱动因素的相对重要性的证据，并用它来解释物种的种群最近的变化。我们回顾了从英国广泛的分类群中取样的400个物种的变化驱动因素。我们发现，物种的种群变化（~1970-2012）受到农业土地集约化管理和气候变化的影响最大。前者的影响主要是有害的，而迄今为止气候变化的影响则更为复杂。在评估的三个主要分类群体（昆虫、维管植物和脊椎动物）中，结果相似。在一般情况下，一个栖息地的管理方式有更大的影响比其程度的变化，这符合相对较小的变化，在我们的研究期间，不同的栖息地所占的面积相比，在栖息地管理的重大变化。在被归类为保护措施的驱动因素中，农业用地的低强度管理和生境创造的影响最大。我们的框架可以用来评估驱动因素在一系列尺度上的相对重要性，以更好地为我们的政策和管理决策提供信息。此外，通过对证据质量进行评分，该框架有助于我们确定研究差距和需求。
Action to reduce anthropogenic impact on the environment and species within it will be most effective when targeted towards activities that have the greatest impact on biodiversity. To do this effectively we need to better understand the relative importance of different activities and how they drive changes in species’ populations. Here, we present a novel, flexible framework that reviews evidence for the relative importance of these drivers of change and uses it to explain recent alterations in species’ populations. We review drivers of change across four hundred species sampled from a broad range of taxonomic groups in the UK. We found that species’ population change (~1970–2012) has been most strongly impacted by intensive management of agricultural land and by climatic change. The impact of the former was primarily deleterious, whereas the impact of climatic change to date has been more mixed. Findings were similar across the three major taxonomic groups assessed (insects, vascular plants and vertebrates). In general, the way a habitat was managed had a greater impact than changes in its extent, which accords with the relatively small changes in the areas occupied by different habitats during our study period, compared to substantial changes in habitat management. Of the drivers classified as conservation measures, low-intensity management of agricultural land and habitat creation had the greatest impact. Our framework could be used to assess the relative importance of drivers at a range of scales to better inform our policy and management decisions. Furthermore, by scoring the quality of evidence, this framework helps us identify research gaps and needs.