Excess noise factors for conventional and superlattice avalanche photodiodes and photomultiplier tubes
Excess noise factors for conventional and superlattice avalanche photodiodes and photomultiplier tubes
复制标题
传统和超晶格雪崩光电二极管和光电倍增管的过量噪声系数
DOI：
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Saleh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Teich;K. Matsuo;B. Saleh
落在光电探测器上的光产生波动的输出电流。该信号中的噪声来自两个来源：光子到达的随机性和光电探测器固有的载流子乘法过程的随机性。根据表征这两个随机性来源的参数（光的光子数方差与平均比和检测器的多余噪声因子），导出了光电探测器输出电流方差的一般公式。该公式的一个重要特例表明，当检测器输入处的光子数为泊松分布时，输出电流方差与检测器过量噪声因子成正比。给出了三种光电探测器：双载流子常规雪崩光电二极管、双载流子超晶格雪崩光电二极管和光电倍增管的多余噪声因子的显式表达式。双载流子超晶格器件的结果是新的；结果表明，即使少量的残余空穴电离也会导致较大的多余噪声因子。比较了各种检测器的噪声特性。
Light falling on a photodetector produces an output current that fluctuates. The noise in this signal arises from two sources: randomness in the photon arrivals and randomness in the carrier multiplication process intrinsic to the photodetector. A general formula is derived for the variance of the photodetector output current in terms of parameters characterizing these two sources of randomness (the photon-number variance-to-mean ratio for the light and the excess noise factor for the detector). An important special case of this formula illustrates that the output-current variance is directly proportional to the detector excess noise factor when the number of photons at the input to the detector is Poisson distributed. Explicit expressions for excess noise factors are provided for three kinds of photodetectors: the double-carrier conventional avalanche photodiode, the double-carrier superlattice avalanche photodiode, and the photomultiplier tube. The results for the double-carrier superlattice device are new; it is shown that even a small amount of residual hole ionization can lead to a large excess noise factor. Comparisons are drawn among the detectors in terms of their noise properties.