Skin microbes on frogs prevent morbidity and mortality caused by a lethal skin fungus
Skin microbes on frogs prevent morbidity and mortality caused by a lethal skin fungus
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DOI：
10.1038/ismej.2009.27
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Minbiole, Kevin P. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harris, Reid N.;Brucker, Robert M.;Minbiole, Kevin P. C.
新出现的传染病威胁着人类和野生动物种群。共生微生物和宿主之间生态相互作用的改变可能导致疾病，但了解宿主、微生物和致病生物体之间的相互作用可能会导致制定影响疾病结果的管理策略。由于壶菌病（由壶菌 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis 引起），相对原始栖息地的许多两栖动物物种正在经历急剧的种群数量下降和灭绝。通过一项随机、重复的实验，我们发现，将在几种两栖动物身上发现的抗真菌细菌——青青杆菌添加到青蛙的皮肤上，可以预防由病原体引起的发病和死亡。该细菌产生抗壶菌代谢物紫罗兰素，在添加青蛙的处理中，在青蛙皮肤上发现紫罗兰素的浓度要高得多。我们的研究结果表明，皮肤微生物是两栖动物先天免疫系统的一部分，青蛙皮肤上的微生物群落结构是疾病结果的决定因素，改变青蛙皮肤上的微生物相互作用可以预防致命的疾病结果。生物强化策略可能是控制两栖动物生存保证群体和自然界中壶菌病的有效管理工具。 ISME 期刊 (2009) 3, 818-824； doi：10.1038/ismej.2009.27； 2009 年 3 月 26 日在线发布
Emerging infectious diseases threaten human and wildlife populations. Altered ecological interactions between mutualistic microbes and hosts can result in disease, but an understanding of interactions between host, microbes and disease-causing organisms may lead to management strategies to affect disease outcomes. Many amphibian species in relatively pristine habitats are experiencing dramatic population declines and extinctions due to the skin disease chytridiomycosis, which is caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Using a randomized, replicated experiment, we show that adding an antifungal bacterial species, Janthinobacterium lividum, found on several species of amphibians to the skins of the frog Rana muscosa prevented morbidity and mortality caused by the pathogen. The bacterial species produces the anti-chytrid metabolite violacein, which was found in much higher concentrations on frog skins in the treatments where J. lividum was added. Our results show that cutaneous microbes are a part of amphibians' innate immune system, the microbial community structure on frog skins is a determinant of disease outcome and altering microbial interactions on frog skins can prevent a lethal disease outcome. A bioaugmentation strategy may be an effective management tool to control chytridiomycosis in amphibian survival assurance colonies and in nature. The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 818-824; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2009.27; published online 26 March 2009