Cool-Warm Temperature Stratification and Simulated Bird Digestion Optimize Removal of Dormancy in Rosa rugosa Seeds.
Cool-Warm Temperature Stratification and Simulated Bird Digestion Optimize Removal of Dormancy in Rosa rugosa Seeds.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2021.808206
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Che D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao P;Dong J;Wang S;Zhang W;Yang T;Zhang J;Che D
玫瑰目前已开发出药用、食用、美容、观赏、生态等多种功能。近年来，中国的皱果菊自然种群数量大幅度下降，除全球气候变化外，该种还存在种子休眠难以解除等限制自身繁殖的缺陷。在本研究中，只有30%的R.皱纹种子为有活力的种子，其余为发育不完全或有病的种子。在不分层的情况下，形态完整的有活力的种子吸水，但这些种子不能发芽，即使在适当的条件下去除种壳，表现出生理休眠。低温（4°C）和温（18 ± 2°C）层积后，种子中含碳或含氮大分子物质积累，呼吸作用、抗氧化酶活性、赤霉素（GA 3）/脱落酸（阿坝）和生长素（IAA）/阿坝比值显著增加。内果皮软化时，吸水量也增加。从而打破了种子的生理休眠。温、冷层积虽然增加了内果皮与胚的分离，但内果皮的束缚力没有完全消除，只有10.20%的种子萌发。因此，用模拟鸟类消化处理层积种子。内果皮松弛后，内果皮的褶皱和裂缝增加了渗透性，吸水率由冷层积和温层积的21.14%提高到64.43%。在模拟消化条件下，24.20%的胚根带着胚芽和形成层突破内果皮发育成幼苗。因此，R.皱纹是生理性的，因为种子吸收了水，并且具有发育完全的胚，其生长潜力低，并且受到内果皮的机械限制。冷层积有助于解除生理休眠，而额外的暖层积则加速了这一过程。最佳分层处理为4 ℃ 45天，然后18 ± 2 ℃ 15天。经过温、冷层积后，模拟鸟类消化打破了种子覆盖层的机械约束。在此基础上，对R.可以大大增加rugosa幼苗，以帮助保护该物种免受进一步的衰退。
Rosa rugosa Thunb. has been explored multi-function in medicinal, edible, cosmetic, ornamental and ecological etc. However, R. rugosa natural populations have recently declined substantially in China, besides of global climate change, this species also has the defect of limiting the reproduction of itself such as the hard-to-release seed dormancy. In this study, only 30% of R. rugosa seeds were viable, and the others were incompletely developed or diseased seeds. Without stratification, morphologically complete viable seeds imbibed water but those seeds could not germinate even after seed husk removal under suitable condition to exhibit a physiological dormancy. After cold (4°C) and warm (18 ± 2°C) stratification, macromolecular substances containing carbon or nitrogen accumulated, and respiration, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gibberellin (GA3) /abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA)/ABA ratios increased significantly in seeds. Water absorption also increased as endocarps softened. Thus, physiological dormancy of seed was broken. Although warm and cold stratification increased separation between endocarp and embryo, the endocarp binding force was removed insufficiently, because only 10.20% of seeds germinated. Therefore, stratified seeds were treated with simulated bird digestion. Then, folds and cracks in loosened endocarps increased permeability, and water absorption rate increased to 64.43% compare to 21.14% in cold and warm stratification treatment. With simulated digestion, 24.20% of radicles broke through the endocarp with plumules and cambiums to develop into seedlings. Thus, the seed dormancy type of R. rugosa is physiological as seeds imbibed water and possessed fully developed embryos with a low growth potential in combination with a mechanical constraint from the endocarp. Cold stratification helped remove physiological dormancy, and additional warm stratification accelerated the process. The optimal stratification treatment was 4°C for 45 days followed by 18 ± 2°C for 15 days. After warm and cold stratification, simulated bird digestion broke the mechanical constraint from the seed covering layers. Based on this research, production of R. rugosa seedlings can be greatly increased to help protect the species from further declines.
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