Multicountry, Multifactor Tests of the Factor Abundance Theory
Multicountry, Multifactor Tests of the Factor Abundance Theory
复制标题
DOI：
10.3386/w1918
复制
发表时间：
1986-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. P. Bowen;Edward E. Leamer;Leo Sveikauskas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. P. Bowen;Edward E. Leamer;Leo Sveikauskas
本文提出了概念上正确的赫克歇尔-俄林命题，商品贸易可以解释要素投入需求和要素禀赋之间的相互作用。大多数先前的工作，声称顶端重新测试这个假设使用了直观的，但不适当的推广传统的两个两个模型来处理一个多维的现实。此外，以前的工作一般只使用三个变量中的两个变量的测量（贸易，要素投入要求和要素禀赋），需要一个适当的测试H-O理论。我们得出一个确切的规格H-O相互作用在一个多国家，多商品，Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek（H-O-V）形式的多因素世界该定理将净贸易中包含的要素等同于过剩要素供给。该定理包含的符号和秩命题类似于列昂惕夫的隐式研究，但这也意味着对要素含量和要素供给之间的联系参数的假设。因此，我们进行测试的符号和排名的命题，以及几个参数的假设，允许各种假设的测量误差，非比例消费和技术差异。我们的分析使用了1967年27个国家和12个因素的贸易、要素投入要求和禀赋的单独测量数据。对Leontief型符号和秩命题的检验，尖锐地否定了H-O-V模型的这一方面。特别是，净要素出口的迹象往往预示着过剩的要素供给的迹象，因此并没有系统地揭示要素abundance. Results从一组扩展的测试中进行的回归背景下拒绝的H-O-V假设的要素含量和国家要素供给之间的确切关系。支持的H-O-V假设的相似偏好，但估计的参数连接要素的内容和要素供应被发现显着不同的理论值。我们发现，有明确的证据表明，偏离其理论值的估计系数是重要的要素投入需求矩阵的国家之间的差异，并暗示，违反要素价格均衡的假设。我们还发现，贸易和国家要素供给的测量误差是拒绝H-O-V假说的一个重要原因。
This paper presents conceptually correct tests of the Heckscher-Ohlin proposition that trade in commodities can be explained in terms of an interaction between factor input requirements and factor endowments. Most prior work that claims top resent tests of this hypothesis have used intuitive but inappropriate generalizations of the traditional two by two model to deal with a multidimensional reality. Moreover, prior work has in general used measurements on only two of the three variables(trade, factor input requirements and factor endowments) that are required for a proper test of the H-O theory.We derive an exact specification of the H-O interaction in a multicountry, multicommodity, multifactor world in the form of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (H-O-V) theorem which equates the factors embodied in net trade to excess factor supplies.This theorem implies sign and rank propositions analogous to those implicitly studied by Leontief, but it also implies hypotheses about the parameters linking factor contents and factor supplies. Accordingly, we conduct tests of the sign and rank propositions as well as several parametric hypotheses which permit various assumptions about measurement errors, nonproportional consumption and technological differences. Our analysis uses separately measured data on trade, factor input requirements and endowments for twenty-seven countries and twelve factors in 1967. Tests of the Leontief type sign and rank propositions sharply reject this facet of the H-O-V model. In particular, the sign of net factor exports infrequently predicts the sign of excess factor supplies and therefore does not systematically reveal factor abundance.The results from an extended set of tests conducted in a regression context reject the H-O-V hypothesis of an exact relationship between factor contents and national factor supplies. Support is found for the H-O--V assumption of homothetic preferences, but estimates of the parameters linking factor contents and factor supplies are found to differ significantly from their theoretical values. We find there is clear evidence that the departure of the estimated coefficients from their theoretical values is importantly related to differences across countries in the matrix of factor input requirements and, by implication, to violation of the assumption of factor price equalization. We also find that errors of measurement in both trade and national factor supplies are an important reason for rejection of the H-O-V hypothesis.