Negation and the creation of implicit meaning in poetry
Negation and the creation of implicit meaning in poetry
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诗歌中的否定与隐含意义的创造
DOI：
10.1177/0963947009105340
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lisa Nahajec
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文献类型：
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作者：
Lisa Nahajec
通过使用否定来创造意义是说话者与听者或作者与读者之间的合作过程；从表面上看，否定充当了一个指令，即一个命题应该被理解为一个未实现的状态、事件或存在。然而，这种未实现的事态似乎没有为正在进行的话语添加任何积极的信息，并且基于形式语义和谓词逻辑分析的方法在解释否定命题在话语中的意义方面的能力受到限制。读者必须基于这样的假设来推断否定命题的预期相关含义：该命题明确地用于否定其相反的、肯定的对应物。此外，为了理解否定命题，我们必须能够概念化被否定的肯定命题，而这个概念虽然被理解为一种未实现的事态，但它既作为一个概念又作为一种期望增加了正在进行的话语。自然语言中否定分析的认知方法提供了检查读者和作者如何合作创造意义的工具。在这篇文章中，我使用认知文体方法，文本世界理论（Werth，1999）作为我对一小部分诗歌的分析框架，《轮胎》（西蒙·阿米蒂奇），《听众》（沃尔特·德·拉·马雷）和《床上谈话》（菲利普·拉金），以探索否定作为一种实用主义现象如何创造未实现的世界，而这些世界远非被丢弃，而是构成不可分割的一部分。意义和效果的构建。
Creating meaning through the use of negation is a cooperative process between speaker and hearer or writer and reader; at surface level, negation acts as an instruction that a proposition should be understood as an unrealized state, event or existence. However, this unrealized state of affairs appears to add no positive information to an ongoing discourse, and approaches based on an analysis of formal semantics and predicate logic are limited in their ability to account for how negated propositions are meaningful in discourse. A reader must infer the intended relevant meaning of a negated proposition based on the assumption that it functions explicitly to deny its opposite, positive counterpart. Further, in order to understand a negated proposition we must be able to conceptualize the positive proposition that is being denied, and this concept, though understood as an unrealized state of affairs, adds to the ongoing discourse both as a concept and as an expectation. A cognitive approach to the analysis of negation in natural language provides the tools to examine how readers and writers cooperate to make meaning. In this article, I use a cognitive stylistic approach, Text World Theory (Werth, 1999), as a framework in my analysis of a small selection of poems, 'The Tyre' (Simon Armitage), 'The Listeners' (Walter de la Mare) and 'Talking in Bed' (Philip Larkin) to explore how negation, as a pragmatic phenomenon, creates unrealized worlds, which far from being discarded are integral to the construction of meaning and effect.