Temporal variability of ecological niches: a study on intertidal macrobenthic fauna
Temporal variability of ecological niches: a study on intertidal macrobenthic fauna
复制标题
生态位的时间变化：潮间带大型底栖动物群的研究
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20418.x
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
C. Dormann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Kraan;G. Aarts;T. Piersma;C. Dormann
野外生态位动态的测定是物种生态学的重要组成部分。最近的发展，生态位映射，并可能占空间自相关的物种分布，承诺这里探讨的统计方法。1997年至2005年期间，在荷兰瓦登海西部的沉积物特征和潮汐高度相结合的海底生物监测计划的物种计数作为解释变量，我们从统计学上推导出实现的生态位为两个双壳类，两个甲壳类和三个多毛类，包括捕食者，悬浮液和底部喂养功能组。毫不奇怪，实现生态位物种之间的差异很大。种内的时间变化被评估为重叠之间的年特定的生态位和整体平均生态位，这种分析揭示了相当大的变化之间的年。这些物种所代表的主要功能组在整个研究期间表现出特异质和广泛的变异性。生态位特征和平均丰度或体型之间没有很强的关联。我们的评估种内生态位变异的物种分布模型一般的影响，并提供了以前的方法的进步。1)通过评估物种在多元环境空间中实现的生态位，分析独立于特定环境的相对可用性。预测实现的生态位目前的差异，而不是每年的环境条件的差异。2)使用空间显式模型来预测物种的栖息地偏好提供了更精确和无偏的物种-环境关系的估计。3)目前的生态位模型假设不变的生态位，而我们说明了多少，这些可以改变只有几代人。这突出表明，根据单次物种分布快照进行预测的全球变化研究的范围可能有限。
The determination of temporal niche dynamics under field conditions is an important component of a species’ ecology. Recent developments in niche mapping, and the possibility to account for spatial autocorrelation in species distributions, hold promise for the statistical approach explored here. Using species counts from a landscape-scale benthic monitoring programme in the western Dutch Wadden Sea during 1997–2005 in combination with sediment characteristics and tidal height as explanatory variables, we statistically derive realised niches for two bivalves, two crustaceans and three polychaetes, encompassing predators, suspension and bottom feeding functional groups. Unsurprisingly, realized niches varied considerably between species. Intraspecific temporal variation was assessed as overlap between the year-specific niche and the overall mean niche, and this analysis revealed considerable variation between years. The main functional groups represented by these species showed idiosyncratic and wide variability through the study period. There were no strong associations between niche characteristics and mean abundance or body size. Our assessment of intraspecific niche variability has ramifications for species distribution models in general and offers advances from previous methods. 1) By assessing species’ realized niches in the multivariate environmental space, analyses are independent from the relative availability of particular environments. Predicted realized niches present differences between years, rather than annual differences in environmental conditions. 2) Using spatially explicit models to predict species habitat preferences provide more precise and unbiased estimates of species–environment relationships. 3) Current niche models assume constant niches, whereas we illustrate how much these can vary over only a few generations. This emphasizes the potentially limited scope of global change studies with forecasts based on single-time species distribution snapshots.