The essence of appetite: does olfactory receptor variation play a role?
The essence of appetite: does olfactory receptor variation play a role?
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DOI：
10.1093/jas/sky068
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Liu, George E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Connor, Erin E.;Zhou, Yang;Liu, George E.
嗅觉受体是G蛋白偶联的化学受体，表达在鼻腔内数百万个嗅觉感觉神经元上。这些受体检测环境气味，并向大脑发出关于食物位置、潜在配偶和可能威胁存在的信号（例如，捕食者或化学毒素）。嗅觉受体也存在于鼻腔外的器官中，在那里它们与来自动物内部环境的分子如营养物和代谢物结合以引起生理反应，包括肠道运动、通气率和细胞迁移的变化。最近的证据支持嗅觉受体在人类和啮齿动物的食欲调节中的额外作用。特别是，个体之间特定气味受体基因的遗传变异与其摄食行为，食物选择和能量平衡调节的差异有关。本文综述了脊椎动物嗅觉受体及其遗传变异的研究进展，为嗅觉受体在家畜食欲调节中的生理作用提供了有力的证据。对家畜嗅觉受体及其配体的基础研究应有助于开发新的气味受体激动剂，并鉴定可用于提高动物生产效率的特异性嗅觉受体变体。
Olfactory receptors are G-protein-coupled chemoreceptors expressed on millions of olfactory sensory neurons within the nasal cavity. These receptors detect environmental odorants and signal the brain regarding the location of feed, potential mates, and the presence of possible threats (e.g., predators or chemical toxins). Olfactory receptors also are present in organs outside of the nasal cavity where they bind to molecules such as nutrients and metabolites from the animal's internal environment to elicit physiological responses, including changes in gut motility, ventilation rate, and cellular migration. Recent evidence supports an additional role of olfactory receptors in the regulation of appetite in humans and rodents. In particular, genetic variation among individuals in specific odorant receptor genes has been linked to differences in their feeding behaviors, food choices, and the regulation of energy balance. This review provides a general overview of the olfactory receptors of vertebrates and their genetic variability and provides supporting evidence for a physiological role of olfactory receptors in appetite regulation of livestock. Basic research on olfactory receptors of livestock and their ligands should facilitate the development of novel odorant receptor agonists and identification of specific olfactory receptor variants that may be developed to enhance animal production efficiency.