Physical activity and fitness for health and longevity.
Physical activity and fitness for health and longevity.
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身体活动和健身有利于健康和长寿。
DOI：
10.1080/02701367.1996.10608850
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lee,IM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PaffenbargerJr,RS;Lee,IM
现代社会发现很难满足体育锻炼的需要。今天对体育的兴趣是替代性的，而不是参与性的。我们关注为我们表演的精英运动员，而不是我们可能成为的更平凡的运动员。机械化和自动化、迅速的通讯和交通、计算机的使用和电视的收看，已经取消了对充满活力的职业的要求，也不鼓励人们参与闲暇时间的娱乐活动。尽管这些不利的个人生活方式倾向于久坐不动，但我们已经知道，体育活动可以改善生理健康并延长寿命，这些发现应该鼓励我们更多而不是更少地活动。体力活动防止冠心病（CHD）的发展（Bouchard，Shephard，Stephens，萨顿，&麦克弗森，1990; Bouchard，Shephard，& Stephens，1994; Haskell等人，1992）、中风（Shinton和Sager，1993）、高血压（HTN）（Hagberg，1990; Tipton，1991）、肥胖（DiPietro，1995; Stefanick，1993; Wood等，一九八八年; Wood、Stefanick、威廉姆斯和哈斯克尔，1991年）、非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病（NIDDM）（Helmrich、Ragland、Leung和Paffenbarger，1991年; Kriska、Blair和佩雷拉，1994年;曼森等人，1991，1992），骨质疏松症（Cummings，凯尔西，Nevitt，& O 'Dowd，1985; Snow-Harter & Marcus，1991），一些癌症（Lee，1994; Lee & Paffenbarger，1994; Shephard，Rhind，& Shek，1995），也许还有临床抑郁症（Dunn & Dishman，1991; Paffenbarger，Lee，& Leung，1994; WHO/FIMS，1995）。沿着的是，体育锻炼提高了身体机能，延缓了年老体弱和残疾的发生。我们可以相当肯定地说，通过运动延缓慢性病的发生代表了通过中间机制改变的因果关系，而不仅仅是理论的表达或统计选择的产物。
Contemporary society finds it difficult to come to grips with the need for physical exercise. Today's interest in sports is vicarious, not participatory. We pay heed to the elite athlete who performs for us, rather than the more mundane athlete we could become. Mechanization and automation, swift communication and transport, computer usage and television viewing have abolished requirements for vigorous occupations and discouraged involvement in leisure-time recreational activity. Despite these adverse personal lifeway trends toward sedentary living, we have come to know that physical activity leads to improved physiological fitness and extends longevity, findings that should encourage us to be more rather than less active. Physical activity protects against the development of coronary heart disease (CHD)(Bouchard, Shephard, Stephens, Sutton, & McPherson, 1990; Bouchard, Shephard, & Stephens, 1994; Haskell et al., 1992), stroke (Shinton & Sager, 1993), hypertension (HTN)(Hagberg, 1990; Tipton, 1991), obesity (DiPietro, 1995; Stefanick, 1993; Wood et al., 1988; Wood, Stefanick, Williams, & Haskell, 1991), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)(Helmrich, Ragland, Leung, & Paffenbarger, 1991; Kriska, Blair, & Pereira, 1994; Manson et al., 1991, 1992), osteoporosis (Cummings, Kelsey, Nevitt, & O'Dowd, 1985; Snow-Harter & Marcus, 1991), some cancers (Lee, 1994; Lee & Paffenbarger, 1994; Shephard, Rhind, & Shek, 1995), and perhaps clinical depression (Dunn & Dishman, 1991; Paffenbarger, Lee, & Leung, 1994; WHO/FIMS, 1995). Along the way, physical exercise improves functional capacity and delays the infirmities and disabilities of old age. We can say with considerable certainty that postponement of chronic diseases through exercise represents cause-andeffect relations via alterations in intermediate mechanisms, not merely expressions of theory or the artifacts of statistical selection.