Comparative physiology of the renal proximal tubule.
Comparative physiology of the renal proximal tubule.
复制标题
肾近曲小管的比较生理学。
DOI：
10.1159/000173056
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Beyenbach,KW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beyenbach,KW
在脊椎动物进化和脊椎动物盐和水平衡策略的背景下，回顾了肾近端小管（PT）的比较生理学。尽管体外盐和水平衡机制对低等脊椎动物的细胞外液（ECF）稳态起重要作用，但肾脏在进化过程中获得了这些功能，并成为哺乳动物细胞外液稳态的主要器官。在获得对ECF室的主要责任时，肾脏倾向于过滤-重吸收作为ECF快速周转的首选机制，具有提供快速肾脏调节反应的优势。尽管这种专业化，PT的结构和功能似乎没有发生重大的进化变化。在今天的脊椎动物中，PT仍然是一种非常多样化的运输上皮，具有令人印象深刻的重吸收和分泌功能，例如哺乳动物的PT主要具有重吸收功能，肾小球肾的PT主要具有分泌功能。最近的证据表明，出乎意料的是，肾小球肾的PT中有NaCl和液体分泌，这与PT的功能多样性和进化的保守性是一致的。
The comparative physiology of the renal proximal tubule (PT) is reviewed in the context of vertebrate evolution and vertebrate strategies of salt and water balance. Though extrarenal machanisms of salt and water balance contribute importantly to extracellular fluid (ECF) homeostasis in the lower vertebrates, the kidney acquires these functions with evolutionary progress and becomes the dominant organ of ECF homeostasis in mammals. In acquiring the major responsability over the ECF compartment the kidney favored filtration-reabsorption as the preferred mechanism for the rapid turnover of ECF with the advantage of providing quick renal regulatory responses. In spite of this specialization the structure and function of the PT do not appear to have undergone major evolutionary changes. In present-day vertebrates the PT remains as an immensely diverse transport epithelium with impressive capacities for both reabsorptive and secretory work, as exemplified by the mammalian PT with mostly reabsorptive functions and the PT of aglomerular kidneys with mostly secretory functions. The recent evidence for NaCl and fluid secretion in the PT of, unexpectedly, glomerular kidneys is consistant with the functional diversity and the conservative nature of evolution in the case of the PT.