Meiofauna responses to an experimental oil spill in a Louisiana salt marsh
Meiofauna responses to an experimental oil spill in a Louisiana salt marsh
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小型动物对路易斯安那州盐沼实验性漏油事件的反应
DOI：
10.3354/meps011257
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发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
G. Chandler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Fleeger;G. Chandler
为了确定石油泄漏对路易斯安那州盐沼小型动物的潜在影响，在互花米草沼泽中随机分配了4块试验田，使用21m-2南路易斯安那州原油。四块无油的地块作为对照。在喷油前1~3h和喷油后第2、5、10、20、30、60、95和144天取样。小型底栖动物被归类为主要分类单元，而桡足类被鉴定为种。令人惊讶的是，这些小型动物对碳氢化合物胁迫具有高度的耐受性，因为即使使用了13000pg石油g 1干沉淀物，也没有在任何分类群中发现由石油引起的死亡。几个类群的密度确实对施油有积极的反应。在油污区，第5天和第20天的线虫数量明显较多；第30天和60天的桡足类动物数量明显较多。桡足类数量的增加在很大程度上是由于木质内水母的数量显着增加，在油区达到了180 10 cm-2的密度。桡足类群落结构变化不大，未发现演替序列。在第5天到第10天，由于某些稀有物种在油区没有出现，物种数量有所减少。密度的增加很可能是因为石油降解菌的微生物产量增加，或者是因为石油诱导的捕食抑制。此外，可能存在一个长期影响：144天后，油区的桡足类密度显著降低。
To determine the potential impact of an oil spill on Louisiana salt marsh meiofauna, 2 1 m-2 South Louisiana crude oil was applied to 4 randomly assigned experimental plots in a Spartina alterniflora marsh. Four unoiled plots served as controls. All plots were sampled 1 to 3 h before and on Days 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 95 and 144 following oil application. Meiofauna were sorted to major taxon, and copepods identified to species. Surprisingly, these meiofauna were highly tolerant of hydrocarbon stress as no oil-induced mortality could be identified in any taxon even though > 13 000 pg oil g 1 dry sediment was applied. Densities of several taxa did respond positively to oil application. Nematodes were significantly more numerous in oiled plots on Days 5 and 20; copepods on Days 30 and 60. The increase in copepod numbers was due largely to a significant increase in Enhydrosoma woodini which reached densities of 180 10 cm-2 in oiled plots. Copepods displayed only slight changes in community structure and no successional sequence was identified. Numbers of species were reduced somewhat on Days 5 to 10 as certain rare species were not encountered in oiled plots. Density increases most likely occurred because of increases in microbial production by oil-degrading bacteria, or because of oilinduced inhibition of predation. Additionally, a long-term effect may be present: copepod densities were significantly lower in oiled plots after 144 d.