Enantioselective degradation of amphetamine-like environmental micropollutants (amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA and MDA) in urban water
Enantioselective degradation of amphetamine-like environmental micropollutants (amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA and MDA) in urban water
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.103
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, Sian E.;Bagnall, John;Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara
本文旨在了解安非他命、甲基苯丙胺、MDMA（3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺）和MDA（3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯丙胺）在废水处理和接收水中的对映选择性转化。为了对发生的过程进行综合评价，首次在受控实验室实验中研究了苯丙胺类化合物的立体选择性转化：接受水和活性污泥模拟微观系统。结果表明，通过有利于S-(+)-对映体的微生物代谢过程，在模拟微观环境的活性污泥中，所有研究的安非他明类化合物都发生了立体选择性降解。R-(-)-对映体不被降解（或降解有限），这证明了它们更顽固的性质。在所有四种被研究的类安非他明化合物中，安非他明最容易被生物降解。其次是MDMA和甲基苯丙胺。光化学过程促进了MDMA和甲基苯丙胺的降解，但它们并不像预期的那样具有立体选择性。S-(+)-甲基苯丙胺的优先生物降解导致S-(+)-安非他明的形成。活性污泥对外消旋MDMA进行立体选择性生物降解，使其被R-(-)-对映体富集，形成S-(+)- mda。有趣的是，在河流中MDMA降解过程中只观察到轻微的立体选择性。这可能是由于活性污泥处理过程中使用的微生物群落和环境中存在的微生物群落不同。动力学研究证实了MDMA的顽固性。(C) 2016年作者。Elsevier Ltd.出版。这是一篇基于CC BY许可（http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/）的开放获取文章。
This paper aims to understand enantioselective transformation of amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine) and MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) during wastewater treatment and in receiving waters. In order to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of the processes occurring, stereoselective transformation of amphetamine-like compounds was studied, for the first time, in controlled laboratory experiments: receiving water and activated sludge simulating microcosm systems. The results demonstrated that stereoselective degradation, via microbial metabolic processes favouring S-(+)-enantiomer, occurred in all studied amphetamine-based compounds in activated sludge simulating microcosms. R-(-)-enantiomers were not degraded (or their degradation was limited) which proves their more recalcitrant nature. Out of all four amphetamine-like compounds studied, amphetamine was the most susceptible to biodegradation. It was followed by MDMA and methamphetamine. Photochemical processes facilitated degradation of MDMA and methamphetamine but they were not, as expected, stereoselective. Preferential biodegradation of S-(+)-methamphetamine led to the formation of S-(+)-amphetamine. Racemic MDMA was stereoselectively biodegraded by activated sludge which led to its enrichment with R-(-)-enantiomer and formation of S-(+)-MDA. Interestingly, there was only mild stereoselectivity observed during MDMA degradation in rivers. This might be due to different microbial communities utilised during activated sludge treatment and those present in the environment. Kinetic studies confirmed the recalcitrant nature of MDMA. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).