Regional climate responses to geoengineering with tropical and Arctic SO2 injections
Regional climate responses to geoengineering with tropical and Arctic SO2 injections
复制标题
DOI：
10.1029/2008jd010050
复制
发表时间：
2008-08-16
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Stenchikov, Georgiy L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robock, Alan;Oman, Luke;Stenchikov, Georgiy L.
人为平流层气溶胶的产生，以减少太阳辐射和冷却地球，已被建议作为地球工程对地球工程的紧急反应，以应对全球变暖。虽然火山喷发被认为是平流层气溶胶冷却地球的无害例子，但火山喷发实际上反对地球工程，因为臭氧消耗以及区域水文和温度响应。为了进一步研究气候响应，这里我们使用一个综合的大气-海洋环流模式--美国国家航空航天局戈达德空间研究所模型来模拟热带和北极平流层注入硫酸盐气溶胶前体的气候响应。我们注入SO2，模式将其转化为硫酸盐气溶胶，通过干、湿沉降输送和去除气溶胶，并计算气候对气溶胶辐射强迫的响应。我们与政府间气候变化专门委员会A1B进行了未来气候模拟，一切照常，无论有没有地球工程，并比较了结果。我们发现，如果有一种方法可以不断地将二氧化硫注入平流层下部，它将产生全球变冷。热带二氧化硫的注入将在世界大部分地区产生持续的降温，而大陆上的降温会更多。北极地区的二氧化硫排放不仅会使北极地区降温。热带和北极的二氧化硫注入都会扰乱亚洲和非洲的夏季风，减少数十亿人的食物供应。这些地区性气候异常只是反对实施这种地球工程的众多原因之一。
Anthropogenic stratospheric aerosol production, so as to reduce solar insolation and cool Earth, has been suggested as an emergency response to geoengineer the planet in response to global warming. While volcanic eruptions have been suggested as innocuous examples of stratospheric aerosols cooling the planet, the volcano analog actually argues against geoengineering because of ozone depletion and regional hydrologic and temperature responses. To further investigate the climate response, here we simulate the climate response to both tropical and Arctic stratospheric injection of sulfate aerosol precursors using a comprehensive atmosphere-ocean general circulation model, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE. We inject SO2 and the model converts it to sulfate aerosols, transports the aerosols and removes them through dry and wet deposition, and calculates the climate response to the radiative forcing from the aerosols. We conduct simulations of future climate with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B business-as-usual scenario both with and without geoengineering and compare the results. We find that if there were a way to continuously inject SO2 into the lower stratosphere, it would produce global cooling. Tropical SO2 injection would produce sustained cooling over most of the world, with more cooling over continents. Arctic SO2 injection would not just cool the Arctic. Both tropical and Arctic SO2 injection would disrupt the Asian and African summer monsoons, reducing precipitation to the food supply for billions of people. These regional climate anomalies are but one of many reasons that argue against the implementation of this kind of geoengineering.