Fluoride: A naturally-occurring health hazard in drinking-water resources of Northern Thailand
Fluoride: A naturally-occurring health hazard in drinking-water resources of Northern Thailand
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.069
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Rajchagool, Sunsanee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chuah, C. Joon;Lye, Han Rui;Rajchagool, Sunsanee
在泰国北方，由于饮用高氟饮用水而导致的氟中毒的发病率已有记录。在这项研究中，我们绘制了高氟流行区，并描述了相关的运输过程中的氟富集沃茨在清迈和南芬省。从两个互不相连的高氟流行区收集了1000多个地表水和次地表水样品，其中包括从浅（深度：30 m）威尔斯收集的995个样品。在清迈现场，31%的浅威尔斯井含有危险水平的氟化物（>= 1.5毫克/升），而在深威尔斯井中观察到的氟化物含量为18%。然而，在南芬现场，与浅威尔斯井（7%）相比，更深的威尔斯井（35%）含有至少1.5毫克/升的氟化物。在清迈现场，高氟沃茨来自附近的地热田。富含氟化物的地热沃茨水分布在整个地区，遵循地表和地下水流动的自然水文路径。在南芬现场，确定了一个明确的曲线形高氟异常区，类似于附近明显的梅塔断层。这种相似性提供了存在未绘制地图的盲断层的证据，以及其可能与断裂带相关的氟化物的地质来源（黑云母-花岗岩）有关。地下水资源的过度抽取也可能影响了两个地点氟的分布和浓度。这些高氟沃茨的分布受到无数复杂的自然和人为过程的影响，因此对受影响地区的水资源安全消费管理提出了挑战。在较深的含水层中可以找到清洁和安全的饮用水的概念不一定是正确的。在建造威尔斯井之前，应始终对任何深度的地下水进行测试。(C)2015 Elsevier B. V.版权所有。
In Northern Thailand, incidences of fluorosis resulting from the consumption of high-fluoride drinking-water have been documented. In this study, we mapped the high-fluoride endemic areas and described the relevant transport processes of fluoride in enriched waters in the provinces of Chiang Mai and Lamphun. Over one thousand surface and sub-surface water samples including a total of 995 collected from shallow (depth: 30 m) wells were analysed from two unconnected high-fluoride endemic areas. At the Chiang Mai site, 31% of the shallow wells contained hazardous levels (>= 1.5 mg/L) of fluoride, compared with the 18% observed in the deep wells. However, at the Lamphun site, more deep wells (35%) contained water with at least 1.5 mg/L fluoride compared with the shallow wells (7%). At the Chiang Mai site, the high-fluoride waters originate from a nearby geothermal field. Fluoride-rich geothermal waters are distributed across the area following natural hydrological pathways of surface and sub-surface water flow. At the Lamphun site, a well-defined, curvilinear high-fluoride anomalous zone, resembling that of the nearby conspicuous Mae Tha Fault, was identified. This similarity provides evidence of the existence of an unmapped, blind fault as well as its likely association to a geogenic source (biotite-granite) of fluoride related to the faulted zone. Excessive abstraction of ground water resources may also have affected the distribution and concentration of fluoride at both sites. The distribution of these high-fluoride waters is influenced by a myriad of complex natural and anthropogenic processes which thus created a challenge for the management of water resources for safe consumption in affected areas. The notion of clean and safe drinking water can be found in deeper aquifers is not necessarily true. Groundwater at any depth should always be tested before the construction of wells. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.