Interactions between locomotion and ventilation in tetrapods
Interactions between locomotion and ventilation in tetrapods
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DOI：
10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00160-5
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发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Boggs, DF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boggs, DF
运动和通风之间的相互作用，现在已经研究了几种爬行动物，鸟类和哺乳动物，从各种角度。在这些观点是独立的，但连接的中央控制器的神经相互作用;机械运动的影响后，排泄压力和流量;以及在何种程度上，后者可能会影响气体交换和运动的能量。一个同步，即1：1模式的协调，是观察到许多运行的哺乳动物，一旦他们达到疾驰的速度，以及在飞行的蝙蝠，一些飞行的鸟类和跳跃的有袋动物。其他非1：1的协调模式见于小跑和行走的四足动物，以及奔跑的两足动物和奔跑和飞行的鸟类。有证据表明，对于飞行的鸟类和奔跑的哺乳动物来说，协调运动和呼吸循环具有能量优势。有证据表明，某些爬行动物（如鬣蜥）的运动对通风有机械限制，但其他爬行动物（如巨蜥和鳄鱼）则没有。在潜水鸟类中，翅膀拍打或脚划水对气囊压差的影响通过改善气囊氧向副支气管的扩散和对流运动来增强屏气期间的气体交换。本文将回顾我们对运动对呼吸系统功能影响的了解现状。(C)2002年爱思唯尔科学公司All rights reserved.
Interactions between locomotion and ventilation have now been studied in several species of reptiles, birds and mammals, from a variety of perspectives. Among these perspectives are neural interactions of separate but linked central controllers; mechanical impacts of locomotion upon ventilatory pressures and flows; and the extent to which the latter may affect gas exchange and the energetics of exercise. A synchrony, i.e. 1:1 pattern of coordination, is observed in many running mammals once they achieve galloping speeds, as well as in flying bats, some flying birds and hopping marsupials. Other, non-1:1, patterns of coordination are seen in trotting and walking quadrupeds, as well as running bipedal humans and running and flying birds. There is evidence for an energetic advantage to coordination of locomotor and respiratory cycles for flying birds and running mammals. There is evidence for a mechanical constraint upon ventilation by locomotion for some reptiles (e.g. iguana), but not for others (e.g. varanids and crocodilians). In diving birds the impact of wing flapping or foot paddling on differential air sac pressures enhances gas exchange during the breath hold by improving diffusive and convective movement of air sac oxygen to parabronchi. This paper will review the current state of our knowledge of such influences of locomotion upon respiratory system function. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.