Differences in Escape Behavior between a Cryptic and an Aposematic Litter Frog
Differences in Escape Behavior between a Cryptic and an Aposematic Litter Frog
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隐秘蛙和警戒蛙之间逃生行为的差异
DOI：
10.1670/10-249.1
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
J. Stynoski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Deniz Ozel;J. Stynoski
摘要Clay模型已被用来研究幼蛙隐形着色和缺失着色的相对抗捕食者有效性，但这种研究没有考虑到猎物逃逸行为可能存在的差异。我们研究了两只幼蛙的逃逸行为，这两只幼蛙是神秘的Craugastor bransfordii和颜色鲜艳且有毒的Oophaga Pumilio，它们对人类捕食者的反应。对于所有个体，我们测量了青蛙在飞行瞬间与观察者之间的距离，以及青蛙在野外的初始位置和最终位置之间的距离。神秘的Bransfordii的飞行起始距离比色彩鲜艳的O.Pomilio的非发声个体短。此外，我们注意到，发声的雄鼠的飞行起始距离比不发声的雄鼠或雌鼠的飞行起始距离短。这些发现表明，一只神秘的幼蛙和一只不同的幼蛙对捕食者的逃逸反应是不同的。这些结果还表明，至少在雄性美洲斑潜蝇中，可能存在通过领土防御和交配吸引来避免捕食者和繁殖成功之间的权衡。
Abstract Clay models have been used to investigate the relative antipredator effectiveness of cryptic and of aposematic coloration in litter frogs, but such studies do not account for possible differences in prey escape behavior. We examined the escape behaviors of two litter frogs, the cryptic Craugastor bransfordii and the brightly colored and toxic Oophaga pumilio, in response to a human predator. For all individuals, we measured the distance between the frog and the observer at the instant of flight and the distance between frog's initial and final positions in the field. The cryptic C. bransfordii had a shorter flight initiation distance than did nonvocalizing individuals of the brightly colored O. pumilio. In addition, we noted that vocalizing O. pumilio males had a shorter flight initiation distance than did either nonvocalizing male or female O. pumilio. These findings demonstrate that a cryptic and an aposematic litter frog differ in their escape response to a predator. These results also suggest that, at least in male O. pumilio, a trade-off may exist between predator avoidance and reproductive success via territorial defense and mate attraction.