Vertical Sampling Scales for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements from Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
Vertical Sampling Scales for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements from Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
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DOI：
10.3390/atmos8090176
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Jacob, Jamey D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hemingway, Benjamin L.;Frazier, Amy E.;Jacob, Jamey D.
地球大气层的最低部分，称为大气边界层（ABL），在天气事件的形成中起着重要作用。从ABL内收集的简单气象测量，如温度，压力，湿度和风速，是了解该区域内能量交换的关键，但传统的监视技术，如塔，雷达，气象气球和卫星不能提供足够的空间和/或时间覆盖监测天气事件。小型无人机或空中系统（sUAS）为大气传感提供了一个多功能的动态平台，可以提供比大多数卫星传感方法更高的时空采样频率。它们还能够感知地面雷达、气象站或气象气球无法测量的大气部分，并有可能填补大气采样的空白。然而，关于从无人机系统收集大气测量值的垂直采样尺度以及这些尺度在大气现象中的变化性的研究（例如，温度和湿度）。本研究的目的是使用变差函数分析，一种常见的地质统计技术，以确定最佳的空间采样尺度为两个大气变量（温度和相对湿度）从sUAS捕获。结果表明，垂直采样尺度约3米的温度和1.5-2米的相对湿度是足够的，以捕捉这些现象的空间结构的测试条件下。未来的工作需要在整个ABL以及在可变条件下模拟这些尺度。
The lowest portion of the Earth's atmosphere, known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), plays an important role in the formation of weather events. Simple meteorological measurements collected from within the ABL, such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind velocity, are key to understanding the exchange of energy within this region, but conventional surveillance techniques such as towers, radar, weather balloons, and satellites do not provide adequate spatial and/or temporal coverage for monitoring weather events. Small unmanned aircraft, or aerial, systems (sUAS) provide a versatile, dynamic platform for atmospheric sensing that can provide higher spatio-temporal sampling frequencies than available through most satellite sensing methods. They are also able to sense portions of the atmosphere that cannot be measured from ground-based radar, weather stations, or weather balloons and have the potential to fill gaps in atmospheric sampling. However, research on the vertical sampling scales for collecting atmospheric measurements from sUAS and the variabilities of these scales across atmospheric phenomena (e.g., temperature and humidity) is needed. The objective of this study is to use variogram analysis, a common geostatistical technique, to determine optimal spatial sampling scales for two atmospheric variables (temperature and relative humidity) captured from sUAS. Results show that vertical sampling scales of approximately 3 m for temperature and 1.5-2 m for relative humidity were sufficient to capture the spatial structure of these phenomena under the conditions tested. Future work is needed to model these scales across the entire ABL as well as under variable conditions.