Influence of Male and Female Quality on Clutch Size in Tits (Parus Spp.)
Influence of Male and Female Quality on Clutch Size in Tits (Parus Spp.)
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雄性和雌性品质对山雀（Parus Spp.）离合器尺寸的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Lifjeld
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Slagsvold;J. Lifjeld
现场实验的目的是分别检查两种性别的父母能力对产卵数量的影响。为了限制亲本能力，我们在最初的孵化期间去除了三种山雀物种（Parus spp.）翅膀和尾部的羽毛。然后我们移开了它们的第一窝，并检查了障碍对随后筑巢的影响。在蓝山雀 (P. caeruleus) 和煤山雀 (P. ater) 中，残疾雌性比对照组雌性更能减少重复窝的大小。在蓝山雀中，残疾雌性以较低的速度喂养幼鸟，在雏鸟期间损失了更多的体重，并且在羽翼未丰时，它们的幼鸟明显小于对照组。他们的雏鸟的体重与对照雏鸟相似。残疾雌性大山雀（P. Major）仅略微减小了产卵量；因此，在雏鸟时期，它们和幼崽的体重都低于对照组。当这三种山雀的配偶有残疾时，雄性似乎并没有增加父母的投资。当雄性蓝山雀和煤山雀患有残疾时，尽管残疾雄性减少了父母的投资，但它们的配偶并没有比对照组减少更多的窝产数。然而，雄性的残疾并没有显着影响繁殖成功。我们得出的结论是，雌性山雀的窝产数主要取决于它们自己喂养幼崽的能力，而不是它们配偶的质量。雄性山雀对繁殖成功的影响似乎比雌性小，而且雄性似乎不太愿意或不太能够增加父母的投资。
Field experiments were designed to examine the effects of parental ability on clutch size, for the two sexes separately. To handicap parental ability we removed feathers from the wings and the tail of three tit species (Parus spp.) during the initial incubation period. We then removed their first clutches, and examined the effect of the handicap on the subsequent nesting. In Blue Tits (P. caeruleus), and Coal Tits (P. ater), handicapped females reduced the size of the repeat clutch more than control females. In Blue Tits handicapped females fed their young at a lower rate, lost more body mass during the nestling period, and at fledging time their broods were significantly smaller than those of controls. Their fledglings had a body mass, similar to the control fledglings. Handicapped female Great Tits (P. major) only reduced their clutch size a small amount; consequently, at fledging time, their body mass and those of their young were lower than for controls. The males of the three species of tits did not seem to increase parental investment when their mate was handicapped. When male Blue and Coal Tits were handicapped their mates did not reduce clutch size more than did those of the control group, despite a reduction in parental investment by handicapped males. However, breeding success was not significantly affected by handicapping males. We conclude that the clutch size determination of female tits is primarily based on their own ability to feed their young, and not on the quality of their mate. Male tits seem to have a lesser influence on breeding success than females, and males seem less willing or less able to increase their parental investment.