Phosphorus mitigation remains critical in water protection: A review and meta-analysis from one of China's most eutrophicated lakes
Phosphorus mitigation remains critical in water protection: A review and meta-analysis from one of China's most eutrophicated lakes
复制标题
磷减排对于水保护仍然至关重要：来自中国富营养化最严重的湖泊之一的回顾和荟萃分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.302
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Elser James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yan Kai;Yuan Zengwei;Goldberg Stefanie;Gao Wei;Ostermann Anne;Xu Jianchu;Zhang Fusuo;Elser James
中国西南地区富磷地质山区的城市化和工业化进程导致了该地区的水环境退化。滇池是我国富营养化程度最高的湖泊之一，是这一问题的集中体现。明确滇池系统磷减排措施、磷收支演变以及可能的风险，将有利于未来的富营养化控制，并为其他高原淡水湖泊提供有价值的经验。本研究采用系统评价方法对上述问题进行了研究，并将研究结果与世界其他湖泊进行了比较。总体而言，元分析方法表明，磷水平仍然是导致藻华的关键因素。2015年后，滇池系统，特别是草海段的P预算进行了修改。然而，它仍然经历着高压力的P富集（草海：0.4 mg·l−1;外海：0.2 mg·l−1）。滇池磷的通量较高，主要通过外源磷负荷（556 t·a-1）和内循环（304 t·a-1与藻类生物的吸收、沉积和去除有关，380 t·a-1与沉积物交换有关）两个途径。同时，在湖泊中观察到显著的P滞留，特别是在外海段（211吨·a-1）。目前，调水（从外部流域），污水分流，和泥沙疏浚工程已受益滇池。然而，持续的城市化和GPMn生态退化可能会引入数百吨额外的P，导致随后的藻华。除滇池外，中国西南地区的其他湖泊和水库也面临着类似的磷减排问题，尤其是在GPMn区域，但相关知识仍然有限。因此，有效和灵活的次区域保护策略和研究相关的外部和内部的磷缓解已成为滇池管理的关键要求。同时，在西南地区水源地保护中，应考虑对GPMn区域的生态敏感性、流域内城市的发展和市场驱动的治理。
The processes of urbanization and industrialization within geological phosphorus-rich mountains (GPMn) have resulted in water degradation within southwest China. Lake Dianchi, one of the most eutrophicated lakes in China, has epitomized this issue. Clear understandings of phosphorus (P) mitigation efforts, the evolution of P budgets, and possible risks in the Dianchi system will benefit future eutrophication control, providing valuable lessons for other plateau freshwater lakes. In this study, we applied systematic review methodology to investigate the above questions, and then compared the results with other lakes worldwide. Generally, meta-analytical approaches have indicated P levels remain a key factor in causing algal blooms. Post-2015, the P budget of the Dianchi system, especially in Caohai section, was modified. However, it's still experiencing high pressures from P enrichment (Caohai: 0.4 mg·l−1; Waihai: 0.2 mg·l−1). The flux of P in Dianchi remains high, both through the external P load (556 ton·a−1), and an internal cycle (304 ton·a−1associated with the absorption, deposition and removal of algae biomass; and 380 ton·a−1associated with sediment exchange). Meanwhile, significant P retention has been observed in the lake, in particular within the Waihai section (211 ton·a−1). Currently, water diversion (from external watersheds), sewage diversion, and sediment-dredging projects have benefited Dianchi. However, continuous urbanization and GPMn ecological degradation could introduce hundreds of tons of additional P, leading to subsequent algal blooms. Furthermore, beyond Lake Dianchi, other lakes and reservoirs in southwest China are facing similar issues regarding P mitigation, especially in GPMn regions, though corresponding knowledge is still limited. Therefore, effective and flexible sub-regional protection strategies and research related to external and internal P mitigations have become key requirements for Lake Dianchi management. Meanwhile, ecologically sensitive approaches to GPMn regions, as well as city development within basin and market driven treatments, should be incorporated into regional water source protection for southwest China.