A BRIEF HISTORY OF JAPANESE ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATION: A QUALIFIED SUCCESS STORY?
A BRIEF HISTORY OF JAPANESE ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATION: A QUALIFIED SUCCESS STORY?
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日本环境管理简史：合格的成功故事？
DOI：
10.1093/jel/10.2.241
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ichiro Sumikura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ichiro Sumikura
在1950年代和1960年代，由于经济的快速增长，而没有适当考虑环境，日本经历了严重的环境问题，包括严重的污染相关的健康损害，如水俣病。为了解决这些问题，日本采取了许多对策。在立法方面，1967年的《环境污染控制基本法》、1972年的《自然保护法》和许多其他环境法律都在很短的时间内颁布或修订。2 1971年，环境署作为一个统一的机构成立，试图解决这些问题。该机构在污染控制和具有特殊生态和风景价值的地区的自然保护方面被赋予几乎所有的法定权力。到1980年代中期，该机构根据新颁布或修订的环境法制定的强有力的环境政策，加上地方当局采取的各种措施，显示出了显著的成就。然而，这是成功故事的结束。事后看来，这些努力只是遏制了对环境不利和不可持续的经济发展所造成的急性症状。当时的环境政策完全缺乏如何改变我们的社会的观点，作为一个整体，
In the 195os and 196os, as a result of rapid economic growth and without due consideration to the environment, Japan experienced serious environmental problems, including serious pollution-related health damage such as the Minamata disease.'In an effort to solve these problems, Japan took many countermeasures. With regard to legislation, the Basic Law on Environmental Pollution Control 1967, the Nature Conservation Law 1972 and many other environmental laws were enacted or amended in a short period of time. 2 In 1971, the Environment Agency was created as a unified body in an attempt to combat the problems. The Agency was given almost all statutory powers in the field of pollution control, and nature conservation in areas with special ecological and scenic value. Strong environmental policy by the Agency, based on the newly enacted or amended environmental laws, combined with various measures by local authorities showed remarkable achievements by the mid-ig8os. It was, however, the end of the success story. In hindsight, these efforts only arrested acute symptoms caused by environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable economic development. Environmental policy at that time totally lacked the perspective on how to change our society, as a whole, into a more environmentally friendly