Seeing stability: Intuitive physics automatically guides selective attention
Seeing stability: Intuitive physics automatically guides selective attention
复制标题
看到稳定性：直觉物理学自动引导选择性注意力
DOI：
10.1167/16.12.689
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
B. Scholl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Firestone;B. Scholl
我们可以快速而毫不费力地评估一座积木塔是否会倒塌，或者一堆盘子是否会倒塌。这种能力的本质是什么？尽管这种“直觉物理学”传统上与更高层次的推理有关，但在这里，我们探索了这种复杂的物理直觉是否由更基本的过程所支持的可能性——特别是视觉注意力和记忆是否会自动被物理相关的特征所吸引。在一个改进的变化检测任务中，一个物理上稳定的块塔的图像被短暂地显示出来，之后它消失了，并以相同的配置或用一个稍微移位的块取代。在一些试验中，这种变化打破了塔的平衡，使其不稳定；在其他试验中，变化幅度相同，但没有改变塔的稳定性。与(1)对不影响稳定性的相同块的等效更改或(2)对不同块的等效更改相比，对改变整体稳定性的块的更改的检测可靠地更好。关键的是，这个模式是健壮的，即使稳定性完全是任务附带的。后续研究表明，改进的基于物理稳定性的变化检测是可靠的，即使在关注物理稳定性不能带来任何战略优势的情况下也是可靠的，即使对于从未有意识地注意到塔的稳定性有任何变化的观察者也是可靠的。进一步的工作分离了感知稳定性，本质上：当塔楼的地面真实稳定性（根据物理学）与主观感知稳定性（由独立受试者评定）对比时，变化检测通过塔楼“看起来”的稳定程度比它们实际的稳定程度更好。总的来说，这项工作显示了注意力和记忆的基本过程是如何对场景的潜在物理敏感的，以及如何选择性地将注意力自动吸引到那些特别与物理相关的物体和特征上。
We can quickly and effortlessly evaluate whether a tower of blocks will collapse or a stack of dishes will come crashing down. What is the nature of this ability? Although such" intuitive physics" are traditionally associated with higher-level reasoning, here we explore the possibility that such sophisticated physical intuitions are underwritten by more basic processes--and specifically whether visual attention and memory are automatically drawn toward physically relevant features. In a modified change-detection task, an image of a physically stable block-tower was briefly displayed, after which it disappeared and was replaced either in the same configuration or with one block slightly displaced. On some trials, this change upset the tower's balance, rendering it unstable; on other trials, the change was identical in magnitude but did not alter the tower's stability. Detection was reliably better for changes to blocks that altered overall stability, compared to either (1) equivalent changes to the same blocks that did not influence stability, or (2) equivalent changes to different blocks. Critically, this pattern was robust even though stability was entirely incidental to the task. Follow-up studies demonstrated that improved change detection based on physical stability was reliable even when attending to physical stability could confer no strategic advantage, and was robust even for observers who never consciously noticed any variation in the towers'(in) stability. Further work isolated perceived stability, per se: when the towers' ground-truth stability (according to physics) was contrasted with subjectively perceived stability (as rated by independent subjects), change-detection was better predicted by how stable the towers* looked* than by how stable they actually were. Collectively, this work shows how basic processes of attention and memory are sensitive to a scene's underlying physics, and how selective attention is automatically drawn to those objects and features that are especially physically relevant.