Envisioning Power: Ideologies of Dominance and Crisis
Envisioning Power: Ideologies of Dominance and Crisis
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展望权力：统治与危机的意识形态
DOI：
10.2307/2653967
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
0.2
通讯作者：
E. Wolf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Wolf
带着他早期作品的独创性和活力，埃里克·沃尔夫现在探索思想、权力和文化之间的历史关系。针对人类学长期以来对很少考虑权力的文化概念的依赖，沃尔夫认为，权力在塑造文化生产环境方面至关重要。他对社会科学的意识形态概念做出了回应，这些意识形态概念包含了权力，但忽视了思想对文化激励的反应方式，他展示了权力和思想如何通过文化媒介联系在一起。沃尔夫通过考察三个非常不同的社会来推进他的论点，每个社会都以其华丽的意识形态表达而闻名：西北太平洋海岸的夸扣特尔印第安人，前西班牙裔墨西哥的阿兹特克人，以及国家社会主义德国。通过追溯每个案例的历史，他展示了这些社会是如何面对生态、社会、政治或心理危机带来的紧张局势的，这些危机引发了基于独特的、根植于历史的文化理解的意识形态反应。在每一个案例研究中，沃尔夫都分析了统治意识形态是如何围绕着支配社会劳动的关键关系与权力交织在一起的。任何对人类学历史感兴趣或对社会科学如何进行比较感兴趣的人都会想加入沃尔夫的《设想力量》一书。
With the originality and energy that have marked his earlier works, Eric Wolf now explores the historical relationship of ideas, power, and culture. Responding to anthropology's long reliance on a concept of culture that takes little account of power, Wolf argues that power is crucial in shaping the circumstances of cultural production. Responding to social-science notions of ideology that incorporate power but disregard the ways ideas respond to cultural promptings, he demonstrates how power and ideas connect through the medium of culture. Wolf advances his argument by examining three very different societies, each remarkable for its flamboyant ideological expressions: the Kwakiutl Indians of the Northwest Pacific Coast, the Aztecs of pre-Hispanic Mexico, and National Socialist Germany. Tracing the history of each case, he shows how these societies faced tensions posed by ecological, social, political, or psychological crises, prompting ideological responses that drew on distinctive, historically rooted cultural understandings. In each case study, Wolf analyzes how the regnant ideology intertwines with power around the pivotal relationships that govern social labor. Anyone interested in the history of anthropology or in how the social sciences make comparisons will want to join Wolf in Envisioning Power.