Refinement, reduction, and replacement of animal use for regulatory testing: future improvements and implementation within the regulatory framework.
Refinement, reduction, and replacement of animal use for regulatory testing: future improvements and implementation within the regulatory framework.
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DOI：
10.1093/ilar.43.suppl_1.s63
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
J. Richmond
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Richmond
许多人批评监管检测做法是如何演变和确立的--这既是科学理性的关键，也是动物福利成本的关键。检验我们是否比我们的前辈更开明，将是我们是否能够凭借更强大的科学洞察力和对动物福利的更好理解，确保最好的动物福利和最好的科学驱动，并塑造监管检测的未来发展。进行最人道的基于动物的监管测试需要在利益攸关方之间建立和保持建设性对话，并承认团结的共同点。如果要确定和实施最佳做法，就必须有包容各方的进程，利益攸关方准备为其政策和进程提供公开、合理的理由。人们普遍认为，最好的动物福利会产生最好的科学；基于对机制和早期相关生物标记物的理解的监管要求会产生优雅而有效的科学。因此，能够替代、减少或改进的“替代”方法(3R)实际上往往是更科学的“先进”和科学有效的方法。这些原则为联合王国最近的举措提供了激励和框架，以提高为监管提交而准备的数据的质量，同时更好地保护所使用动物的福利。本文探讨了剩余的一些3R机会，并挑战了一些关于监管测试和可感知的变革障碍的常见神话。目前的“威胁”可能确实提供了机会，以确保健全的科学和最好的动物福利为监管测试的发展奠定基础。
Many are critical of how regulatory testing practices have evolved and become established--critical both of the scientific rational and the animal welfare costs. The test of whether we are more enlightened than our predecessors will be whether, armed with more powerful scientific insights and a better understanding of animal welfare, we can ensure that the best animal welfare and the best science drive and shape future developments in regulatory testing. Conducting the most humane animal-based regulatory testing requires establishing and maintaining a constructive dialogue between stakeholders and acknowledging the common ground that unites. Inclusive processes with stakeholders prepared to offer public, rational justifications for their policies and processes are essential if best practice is to be identified and implemented. There is general agreement that the best animal welfare results in the best science; that regulatory requirements based on an understanding of mechanisms and early relevant biomarkers result in elegant and valid science. Thus, "alternative" methods enabling replacement, reduction, or refinement (the 3Rs) are in reality often more scientifically "advanced" and scientifically valid methods. These principles provided the incentive and framework for recent initiatives in the United Kingdom to enhance the quality of the data prepared for regulatory submission while better protecting the welfare of the animals used. Some remaining 3R opportunities are explored in this paper, and some of the commonly encountered myths about regulatory testing and perceived barriers to change are challenged. Current "threats" may indeed offer opportunities for ensuring that sound science and the best animal welfare underpin developments in regulatory testing.