Pathways to patienthood: sick role and labeling perspectives.
Pathways to patienthood: sick role and labeling perspectives.
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通往耐心的途径：病态角色和标签观点。
DOI：
10.1016/0277-9536(86)90306-0
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
R. L. Meile
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. L. Meile
两位主要的精神疾病社会学理论家帕森斯和谢夫将精神疾病患者描述为扮演一种异常的社会角色，使他们与其他人区分开来。对于这些作家中的每一位来说，这样识别的人都会内化自己的社会定义，然后作为他们未来行为的指南。这种社会意象详细说明了精神病患者是什么样的人、他们为什么会有这样的行为以及如何在评价和互动的意义上对他们做出反应。理论观点之间的分歧主要在于（1）启动再社会化的线索的性质和（2）当个人进入精神疾病角色时融入到个人自我概念中的文化意象的内容。在对精神病患者和普通公众的研究中，我们测试了一系列源自帕森的病人角色和谢夫的精神疾病标签理论的假设。研究结果表明，这两种理论都存在缺陷：(1) 患者和有症状的公众并没有对自己产生负面看法，而这正是人们根据标签所期望的那样；(2) 患者和公众都不愿为自己的症状和问题寻求专业帮助，这一发现与患病角色理论相反。提出了理论修改的建议。
Two leading sociological theorists of mental illness, Parsons and Scheff, depoct the mentally ill as enacting a deviant social role which sets them apart from others. For each of these writers, persons so identified internalize the social definition of themselves which then serves as a guide for their future behavior. This social imagery specifies what kinds of people the mentally ill are, why they behave as they do and how to react to them in both the evaluative and interactional sense. Divergence between the theoretical perspectives arises chiefly over (1) the nature of the cues which set resocialization in motion and (2) the content of the cultural imagery incorporated into the individual's self-conception when he enters the mental illness role.In a study of psychiatric patients and the general public, we test a series of hypotheses which are derived from Parson's sick role and Scheff's labeling theories of mental illness. As a result of the research, both the theories are found wanting for (1) patients and the symptomatic public alike did not view themselves negatively which is what one would expect according to labeling and (2) patients and the public both were reticient to seek out professional assistance for their symptoms and problems, a find contrary to sick role theory. Suggestions for modifications of the theories are offered.