Determination of Primary Spectral Bands for Remote Sensing of Aquatic Environments.
Determination of Primary Spectral Bands for Remote Sensing of Aquatic Environments.
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DOI：
10.3390/s7123428
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发表时间：
2007-12-20
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
He M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee Z;Carder K;Arnone R;He M
大约30年前，美国宇航局发射了第一颗海洋色观测卫星：海岸带彩色扫描仪。CZCS在可见-红外波段有5个波段，目的是检测海洋中浮游植物（以叶绿素浓度测量）的变化。二十年后，为了同样的目标，采用先进的技术，发射了海视宽视场传感器（SeaWiFS， 7波段）、中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS， 8波段）和中分辨率成像光谱仪（MERIS， 12波段）。波段数目和位置的选择是基于这些卫星传感器设计之前的实验和理论结果。最近，研究表明，为了充分地从海洋和沿海环境的水颜色观测中获得主要特性（浮游植物生物量、彩色溶解有机物、悬浮沉积物和底部特性），传感器最好在400 - 800 nm范围内具有~ 15个波段。然而，在该研究中，它没有提供关于15个波段的光谱位置的详细分析。在这里，从近400个高光谱（~ 3纳米分辨率）遥感反射率（水色的一种测量）测量中，在覆盖光学深水和光学浅水的沿海和海洋水域中，将测量值插值到1纳米分辨率后，计算了一阶和二阶导数。由这些导数计算出了每个波长的零值频率，并得到了这些频率的分布谱。此外，确定了具有最高零外观的波长。由于这些光谱位置表明了反射光谱的极值（局部最大值或最小值）或光谱曲率的弯曲，因此将传感器的波段放置在这些波长处，可以最大限度地捕获（然后恢复）光谱曲线，从而最大限度地利用多波段传感器准确地获得水柱和/或各种水生环境底部的属性。
About 30 years ago, NASA launched the first ocean-color observing satellite: the Coastal Zone Color Scanner. CZCS had 5 bands in the visible-infrared domain with an objective to detect changes of phytoplankton (measured by concentration of chlorophyll) in the oceans. Twenty years later, for the same objective but with advanced technology, the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS, 7 bands), the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS, 8 bands), and the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS, 12 bands) were launched. The selection of the number of bands and their positions was based on experimental and theoretical results achieved before the design of these satellite sensors. Recently, demonstrated that for adequate derivation of major properties (phytoplankton biomass, colored dissolved organic matter, suspended sediments, and bottom properties) in both oceanic and coastal environments from observation of water color, it is better for a sensor to have ∼15 bands in the 400 – 800 nm range. In that study, however, it did not provide detailed analyses regarding the spectral locations of the 15 bands. Here, from nearly 400 hyperspectral (∼ 3-nm resolution) measurements of remote-sensing reflectance (a measure of water color) taken in both coastal and oceanic waters covering both optically deep and optically shallow waters, first- and second-order derivatives were calculated after interpolating the measurements to 1-nm resolution. From these derivatives, the frequency of zero values for each wavelength was accounted for, and the distribution spectrum of such frequencies was obtained. Furthermore, the wavelengths that have the highest appearance of zeros were identified. Because these spectral locations indicate extrema (a local maximum or minimum) of the reflectance spectrum or inflections of the spectral curvature, placing the bands of a sensor at these wavelengths maximizes the potential of capturing (and then restoring) the spectral curve, and thus maximizes the potential of accurately deriving properties of the water column and/or bottom of various aquatic environments with a multi-band sensor.
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